A3 Theme 4 past simple and present perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Past simple

versus

Present Perfect

Deduct the rules

1. Yesterday we saw a beautiful film on the Great War.

2. She has been a teacher for over ten years now.

3. WW II started for the USA in 1941, with the attack on Pearl Harbor. 

4. I broke my arm when I was six years old.

5. Last Friday I went out with friends.

6. I have always thought that cats are smarter than dogs.

7.  Tom has finished 15 exercises so far.

8.  In prehistoric times dinosaurs walked the earth.

past simple 

> tijdsbepaling (last.., ago.., date, yesterday)                    > vragen met: "When"

 > de activiteit is begonnen en geëindigd in het verleden

 Je maakt hem door -ed achter het hele ww te zetten. 

I lived in Utrecht when I was younger.

Bij onregelmatige ww pak je het 2e rijtje. 

I went to school yesterday.   (to go - went - gone)

Let op vragen en ontkenningen in de past simple =>  did (not)  + hele ww.

I did not go to work last week. 

present perfect

 > de activiteit is in het verleden begonnen en nog steeds aan de gang.

> de activiteit is beëindigd, maar het resultaat is in het heden merkbaar.

> vragen met "How many times/ How often"

Je maakt hem door has/have +  voltooid deelwoord. 

I have lived in Etten-Leur since 2010. 

They have not gone on holiday for ages. (bij onreg.ww.3e rijtje)

My brother has crashed my father's car. 

Can you tell them apart?

I broke my leg on holiday last year.

I have broken my leg. 

Examples

• I can't send you an email, my laptop has crashed.                                                                 (in het verleden maar nog resultaat)
• Mary worked for a phone company when she was 18.                                                         (in het verleden + tijdsbepaling)
• I have always loved reading books.                                                                                                (mijn hele leven tot nu toe)

Tip: If you ask the question "When did ....?" and you get a clear answer from the sentence: it is the past simple!

Use a present perfect when .....

F      for                                  I have lived in Zwolle for 18 years now.

Y      yet                                 I have't done my homework yet.

N     never                            I have never seen such a beautiful flower.

E      ever                               Have you ever heard of Mozart?

J      just                                 I have just seen the new Bond film.

A     already, always         Have you already done your homework?

S     since, so far                I have lived in Zwolle since 2002.

Extra practice

• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-present-perfect-4.html
• https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/past-simple-or-present-perfect