Unlocking the Secrets of Hydrogen NMR

Unlocking the Secrets of Hydrogen NMR

Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to interpret and analyze the results of a hydrogen NMR spectrum.

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What do you already know about the properties of hydrogen atoms?

Introduction to NMR

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a powerful analytical tool used to study the properties of atomic nuclei. It detects the radio frequency signal produced when the nuclei are exposed to a strong magnetic field.

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Hydrogen NMR

Hydrogen NMR is a technique used to study the properties of hydrogen atoms in a molecule. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms and their chemical environment.

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Chemical Shift

Chemical shift is the measurement of the difference between the resonance frequency of a hydrogen atom and a standard reference. It is measured in parts per million (ppm).

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Shielding vs Deshielding

Electron density around a hydrogen atom affects its resonance frequency. A hydrogen atom is said to be shielded if it is surrounded by electron-donating groups, and deshielded if it is surrounded by electron-withdrawing groups.

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Integration

Integration is the measurement of the area under a peak in a hydrogen NMR spectrum. It provides information about the relative number of hydrogen atoms in each chemical environment.

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Splitting

Splitting is the phenomenon where a hydrogen atom is split into a number of peaks due to the presence of neighboring hydrogen atoms. The number of peaks is equal to the number of equivalent hydrogen atoms plus one.

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Task 1

Analyze the following hydrogen NMR spectrum and identify the chemical shifts and integration values for each peak.

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Task 2

Analyze the following hydrogen NMR spectrum and identify the chemical shifts, integration values, and splitting patterns for each peak.

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Task 3

Draw the structure of a molecule which can produce the following hydrogen NMR spectrum.

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Task 4

Analyze the following hydrogen NMR spectrum and draw the structure of the molecule that produced it.

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Applications of Hydrogen NMR

Hydrogen NMR is used in many fields including organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medicine. It is used to identify and quantify organic compounds, study the structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids, and diagnose diseases.

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Review

What have we learned about hydrogen NMR today?

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Summary

Hydrogen NMR is a powerful analytical tool used to study the properties of hydrogen atoms in a molecule. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms and their chemical environment, as well as the relative number of hydrogen atoms in each chemical environment and the presence of neighboring hydrogen atoms.

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Assessment

Complete the following multiple choice quiz to test your understanding of hydrogen NMR.

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Resources

Here are some resources for further study on hydrogen NMR:

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Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

Have students enter three things they learned in this lesson. With this they can indicate their own learning efficiency of this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

Here, students enter two things they would like to know more about. This not only increases involvement, but also gives them more ownership.

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

The students indicate here (in question form) with which part of the material they still have difficulty. For the teacher, this not only provides insight into the extent to which the students understand/master the material, but also a good starting point for the next lesson.