1.3 The First World War

Nationalism
Militarism
The murder of Frans Ferdinand
Alliances
Economic Rivalry
Modern Imperialism
1 / 44
next
Slide 1: Drag question
GeschiedenisMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 44 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 3 videos.

Items in this lesson

Nationalism
Militarism
The murder of Frans Ferdinand
Alliances
Economic Rivalry
Modern Imperialism

Slide 1 - Drag question

What lit the powder keg?
Today:

Slide 2 - Slide

Sarajevo
The succesor to the Austria-Hungarian throne went to visit the Bosnian capital Sarajevo. 
He was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand. The Black Hand believed that Serbia and Bosnia should join together to become one state. 




Slide 3 - Slide

Slide 4 - Slide

Slide 5 - Slide

Chaos ensues
  • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia because they blame them for the death of their crown prince. 
  • Russia was an ally of Serbia and they started the mobilization process.
  • This upset Austria-Hungary's ally, Germany and they declared war on Russia. 
  • France (Russia's ally) was told by Germany to stay neutral. France didn't comply and thus Germany declared war on France. 

Slide 6 - Slide

Would World War 1 have started if Franz-Ferdinand had lived?

Slide 7 - Open question

Slide 8 - Video

What is the difference between direct and indirect causes?

Slide 9 - Open question

What do you think is the most important cause of WW1? Explain your answer.

Slide 10 - Open question


Von Schlieffenplan

  • Germany was caught between two enemies: France and Russia.
  • To prevent a two-front war, the Germans wanted to quickly defeat France so they could defeat Russia afterwards.
  • The French border was heavily fortified so the only way to get to France was through Belgium. 

Slide 11 - Slide

The Schlieffen Plan
General Alfred von Schlieffen

Slide 12 - Slide

Problems
The Schlieffen Plan went south because of four reasons:
1. The Russian mobilization went faster than expected. They had to send a bunch of soldiers over to the eastern front.
2. The Belgians put up a much bigger fight than expected. 
3. Great Britain (France's ally) joined the fight, because Germany had attacked a neutral country. 
4. The French army was able to bring soldiers to the northern front to defend Paris. 

Slide 13 - Slide

And now...

Slide 14 - Slide

Schlieffenplan

Slide 15 - Mind map

Allies
Central Powers
Germany
England
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia

Slide 16 - Drag question

Slide 17 - Video


Trench war


  • The Schlieffen Plan fails: The German advance fails and they get stuck in northern France and Belgium.
  • Trenches are dug on both sides of the front. 

Slide 18 - Slide

Trenches
  • The weapons have become so powerful that fighting on an open field would be suicide. 

  • Trenches help shelter the soldiers.

  • They are dug in a zig-zag shape: this prevents a grenade impact from causing (even more) victims.

Slide 19 - Slide

Trenches (2)
  • Generals believe that massive attacks from the trenches are effective. This is rarely the case: many soldiers die trying. 

  • The area between the trenches was completely ploughed over: The land between two trenches became no-mans-land. 

Slide 20 - Slide

Self study + homework
Page 36 and 37
Do exercises: 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12. 

Slide 21 - Slide

Zandzakken waren gevuld met aarde en modder, en waren bedoeld om de soldaten te beschermen
At the beginning of the war, rations were still reasonable, but as the war lasted, food became more and more scarce.

When the soldiers did not have to fight, they played cards, for example.
In addition to the enemy, the soldiers had a lot of problems with vermin, such as rats and fleas. Some soldiers passed the time between battles by killing rats.
Dogs not only kept the soldiers company, they also delivered messages between the different trenches.
Soldiers often could only sleep during the day, because night was a good time to spy on the enemy's trenches.
With a periscope the soldiers could view the enemy without taking major risks. A periscope works with mirrors.
Thousands of letters and diaries from soldiers from the First World War have been preserved. These are important and valuable sources.
For the safety of the soldiers, the trenches were dug in a zigzag shape.
40,000 km of trenches were dug between the North Sea and the Swiss border (Western Front).
The area between the trenches will be completely plowed over in four years. A no man's land is created.
Standing guard was one of the most important jobs you could be given. There were very severe penalties for falling asleep while on watch.
Besides fighting and keeping watch, there were plenty of other annoying jobs in a trench, such as refilling sandbags, repairing barbed wire or emptying the latrines (toilets).

Slide 22 - Slide

New weapons
  • During World War 1 many new weapons were invented such as mustard gas, air planes, submarines and flame throwers.

  • The First World War became the war of the inventors.

Slide 23 - Slide


Poisonous gas 


  • Poisonous gasses like mustard gas had to make sure that soldiers would panic leave their trenches.
  • Most gas attacks weren't as effective because of gas masks (and the turning of the wind....). However they did cause fear, temporary blindness and burns. 

Slide 24 - Slide


Planes


  • The first planes were too primitive to make a difference in the war.
  • However this still led to dogfights and bombings.

Slide 25 - Slide


Tanks

  • Tanks were made in secret and were supposed to help soldiers reach the trenches of the enemy. 
  • They were first used in the Battle of the Somme in 1916. Approximately 1 milion soldiers died, but neither the Central Powers nor the Allies had won any ground. 

Slide 26 - Slide


Submarines


  • Submarines had already existed since the 19th century, but were massively used (by Germany in particular) during WW1. 

Slide 27 - Slide

Effects
  • Many soldiers came home disfigured or traumatized.  

  • Traumatized soldiers were called shell shocked, but the government ignored these problems. 

Slide 28 - Slide

Slide 29 - Video

What happened if you didn't go?

Slide 30 - Slide

Why was WW1 a total war?

Slide 31 - Open question

Chapter 1
1.3 the First World War

Slide 32 - Slide

Planning
  • What do you already know? (+- 10 min)
  • Explanation (+- 15 min)
  • Exercise (+- 15 min)

Slide 33 - Slide

Trenches

Slide 34 - Mind map

In 1915 Germany sank the Lusitania

Slide 35 - Slide

We're staying out of this for now
Woodrow Wilson (President of the US)

Slide 36 - Slide

Turning point in 1917

Slide 37 - Slide

Telegram
  • In 1917 the Germans sent a secret telegram: The Zimmermann Telegram.
  • In this telegram they asked Mexico to attack the U.S and they announced  an unrestricted submarine war. 
  • The U.S. got their hands on this telegram.....

Slide 38 - Slide

....so they declared war on Germany

Slide 39 - Slide



Russian Revolution
1917





The Czar (emperor) of Russia, Nicolas II, was overthrown in February 1917 by the communists led by Lenin. 

Slide 40 - Slide

Exercise
Go to paragraph 1.3 in your book and read the text ''consequences of the war''. Make your own Treaty of Versailles. Write down all the most important provisions as fancy as you can. Make it look like an actual treaty!

Slide 41 - Slide

Extra
Plastic surgery during WWI

Viewer discretion is advised

Slide 42 - Slide

Slide 43 - Slide

Slide 44 - Slide