Step 1: the past simple affirmative = verledentijd
Step 2: You need 1 verb (werkwoord) to make the past simple affirmative
Step 3: the regular verbs in the past simple affirmative end with -ed
For example: I waited in line at the airport
Step 4: Irregular verbs in the past simple affirmative can end in different ways (see p. 215 + 216 for irregular verbs)
Example: She bought a new suitcase (bought comes from the verb to buy, in the past it becomes bought)