5.3 Genes and alleles

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Theme 5 Heredity and evolution

Paragraphs:

5.3: Genes and alleles

5.8: Dominant and recessive

Put in the correct order

1. cell - chromosome - DNA - gene
2. gene - chromosome - DNA - cell
3. gene - chromosome -cell - DNA
4. gene - DNA - chromosome - cell

Zet de juiste omschrijving bij het juiste begrip.

chromosome

gene

allele

thread of DNA with hereditary information

part of a chromosome with the information of 1 characteristic

gene variant, the information in a gene

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

1. The phenotype is all of the DNA in your cells. The genotype are all of your visible traits
2. The genotype are all the different cells. The fenotype are alle the different genes.
3. The phenotype are all the different cells. The genotype are all the different genes.
4. The genotype is the total amount of DNA in your cells. The fenotype are all the visible traits.

Learning objectives

5.3.6 You can describe what genes and alleles are.

5.3.7 You can describe what a mutation is.

5.3.8 You can describe what cancer is.

Chromosomes

= 1 long DNA molecule rolled up in between proteins 

46 chromosomes in every nucleus

Karyotype

• 46 chromosomes
• 23 pairs of chromosomes
• 1 pair = 2 similar chromosomes of the same length, shape and with the same information
• 44  normal chromosomes 
• 2 sex chromosomes

Gene

A piece of DNA that contains the code for a one characteristic is what we call a gene.

gene = een deel van een chromosoom dat de informatie bevat van één of meer erfelijke eigenschappen)

Genes

For every hereditary trait:

One gene from your mom and one gene from your dad. 

 A piece of DNA showing the base pairs

DNA has 4 building blocks

Nucleotides: 

ATCG (nitrogenous base)

Phosfategroup

Desoxyribose (sugargroep)

This is a karytype of.

1. sperm cell
2. egg cell
3. body cell
4. you can't tell

How many chromosome pairs do most people have in their cells?

1. 22
2. 23
3. 44
4. 46

How much hereditary material does a sex cell have compared to a normal body cell?

1. Same
2. 1/2
3. 1/4
4. twice the amount

Een allel is een variant van een

1. basepaar
2. nucleotide
3. gen
4. chromosoom

A piece of DNA has the following sequence:
TGCAAA
What is the sequence of the opposite strad?

1. ACGTTT
2. TTTGCA
3. TGCAAA
4. AAACGT

work time 

finish 5.2 

continue with 5.3