STULAN - test yourself before and/or after revising all the chapters

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 2

Test yourself

 

Here you'll find questions on all the STULAN chapters except for the choice chapters.

You can take this test prior to revision to see which chapters require your utmost attention and which chapters are already (partly) understood. We, however, recommend using it for testing your knowledge after revising all the chapters.

The questions are not in chronological order. Look up 'interleaving' online. 

Chapters to study

 

• Theories on why/how we came to use language (chpt 1)
• Individual words: how did we get so many? (chpt 5)
• Morphology: zooming in on word parts. (chpt 6)
•     Semantics: word meaning and close relationships. (chpt 9)
• Pragmatics: How do we make sense of ambiguity? (chpt 10)
• How can we make sense of conversation? (chpt 11)
• Language families and development of Eng language (chpt 17)
• Regional and social variations in language (chpt 18 + 19)
• Two choice chapters (see #OO - no questions in test yourself)

Next slides: Word formation

 

• Individual words: how did we get so many? (chpt 5)
  

"I am taking my dog to the vet"
What process led to the word vet?

Calling someone "Ally" whose actual name is Allison, is a clear example of:

1. Hypocorism
2. Backformation
3. Loan-translation (calque)
4. Etymology

Which of the following words came into the English language through coinage?

1. Pretzel
2. Pampers
3. Infotainment
4. a hankie

Clipping

Blending

van

skateboard

CLIL

pin

windowpane

infotainment

misdirected

sheepish

Dinglish

webinar

gym

AI

bazaar

good-looking

kindergarten

selfless

Multiple processes: Which two processes of word formation do you recognize in the word xerox in the sentence below?

Could you xerox these papers?

1. Coinage (brand --> general term)
2. Backformation (usually noun --> other type of word - with reduction)
3. Hypocorism (a longerword is reduced to single syllable and -y or -ie is added)
4. Conversion (noun --> verb, but no reduction - the word stays the same)

Next slides: Morphology

 

• Morphology: zooming in on word parts. (chpt 6)

In which of the following words is "im" NOT a derivational morpheme?

1. Impossible
2. Image
3. Impose
4. Imperceptible

Lexical

Functional

Inflectional

Deriva-

tional

shock

shocked

distasteful

shocks

teacher

teacher's

Their

for

effect

how

stronger

Next slides: Semantics

 

• Semantics: word meaning and close relationships. (chpt 9)

Not included in these questions: referential vs. associative/emotive meaning and collocations. 

What is the prototype of the superordinate "flower"? a ....

Identify the two co-hyponyms of the superordinate "sports"

1. golf / ball
2. football / goal
3. volleyball / referee
4. volleyball / golf

He drank the whole bottle

Hyponomy

antonym

synonym

homonym

 go see the vet

He is a Nam vet

couch

sofa

bank

metonomy

superordinate

buy

sell

boiling a kettle

Next slide

 

• Theories on why/how we came to use language (chpt 1)

Not included in this question: The Tool-Making Source

3 X

5 X

4 X

4 X

3 X

The divine source

The natural

sound source

The social inter-action source

The physical

adaptation source

The genetic source

Innateness hypothesis

FOXP2

Larynx

capacity for speech

risk of choking

"Yo-he-ho" theory

Coordinated effort

The "Pooh-Pooh" theory

Social groups

The "Bow-Wow" theory

Onomatopeia

Instinctive emo-tional sounds

Quest for "original" language

There's one in almost every culture

Next slides

 

• Language families and development of Eng language (chpt 17)

Not included in these questions: Comparative reconstruction is not included. Sound changes come up very minimally.

English, Dutch, Hindi, Russian and Persian. This is merely a small selection of languages part of the ____ - European family tree

What term do linguists use for words from different languages that are similar in form and meaning?
Words like: Hause, house, huis are called ....

1

2

3

4

5

Basic words like cow, house, etc

Germanic tribes

Viking words added

Prestige language spoken in 'higher circles'

Internal and external changes

Some Latin words introduced by Christianity

Sound changes

Semantic changes

The development of the Old English word “hund” (=any kind of dog) to the word “hound” (=specific breed) is known as the process called:

1. broadening of meaning
2. syntactic changes
3. methathesis
4. narrowing of meaning

Next slides

 

• Regional and social variations in language (chpt 18)

AAVE might need some more attention.

REGIONAL VARIATION

SOCIAL VARIATION

NORMS

Diglossia + vernacular

Pidgin & Creole

Socio & Idiolect

Social marker

Style shifting

Two forms of prestige

Convergence & Divergence

What is/are the difference(s) between an accent and a dialect?

What is the definition of an isogloss?

1. The boundaries representing different linguistic uses in a country
2. The geographical line separating two areas in which two different dialects are used
3. The geographical line separating two areas in which two different forms of a linguistic item are used
4. The boundaries representing different uses of a linguistic item in similar languages

A large number of isoglosses together would constitute ……

1. a vernacular
2. a dialect boundary
3. a sociolect
4. a diglossia

Dropping the h in house or leaving out the t's in tattoo while speaking are indicators of social status. These are examples of ...

What is true about an idiolect:

1. Only lower class speakers use an idiolect
2. There are no regional idiolects
3. Everybody speaks an idiolect
4. An ideolect differs only in pronunciation

What is NOT true about Pidgins?

1. They can develop into Creoles
2. They have native speakers
3. They are contact languages
4. They usually have one lexifier

Style shifting can be done in two ways: convergence & divergence. What is true about convergence?

1. adjusting your language to emphasize social distance
2. Using jargon to fit in with a social group
3. adjusting your language to reduce social distance
4. Using slang to fit in with a social group

In the term AAVE (African American Vernacular English), vernacular means:

1. old-fashioned
2. non-standard
3. sloppy
4. ungrammatical

Which sentence DOESN'T contain slang?

1. That was a wicked gig, man!
2. I only need a fiver - just give me five quid!
3. I couldn't seem to get hold of Mrs Johnson
4. That was a kick-ass dope jump you did, bro

Next slides

 

• Pragmatics: How de we make sense of ambiguity? (chpt 10)
  

Person deixis

Spatial deixis

Temporal deixis

I

am

sorry

that

he

was

not

here

yesterday

Did

you

meet

them

there

this morning?

"Whether you say my car is a wreck or my car is not a wreck, there is an underlying p...........n namely, I have a car.

"I am deeply sorry to disturb you, because I know you're terribly busy, but ..."

This is an extreme example of:

1. a face-saving act that emphasizes negative face
2. a face-threatening act that emphasizes positive face
3. a face-threatening act that emphasizes negative face
4. a face-saving act that emphasizes positive face

You are hungry and would like to eat something. Which of the following is/are indirect speech acts

1. I am hungry.
2. Are you going to finish that?
3. Are you having anything to eat?
4. Give me a sandwich!

Next slides: Discourse Analysis

 

• How can we make sense of conversation? (chpt 11)

Not included in these questions: coherence and cohesion, implicatures and Background knowledge (schema & script)

Long-winded speakers or people "holding the floor", don't signal a completion point. This way they won't have to take part in conventional ....

Q1: Have you seen my sneakers?

Q3: Green? Which ones do you mean?

A2: Yes, the green ones with the yellow stripes!

With the yellow stripes

They are in the bedroom

Q2:

A3:

Do you mean those green ones?

A1:

Which of the following principles / maxims is broken?

1. quantity
2. quality
3. relation
4. manner

Which of the answers is a hedge that can be used by speakers concerned about following the maxim of quality?

1. as far as I know ...
2. by the way, ...
3. to cut a long story short,
4. so, anyway ...

End of test

 

Make sure to revisit chapters that you didn't do so well on.

May you succeed in your actual exams and whatever you do thereafter.

- The STULAN team -