YR3_T2_LSN9

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

• Notebook
• pen & highlighter
• Computer
• Lessonup (this lesson)
• Magister
• Google ClassroomText

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• Notebook checks
• Project time

PLAN FOR TODAY

YR3_T2_LSN9

TOPIC 2

PATHOGENS & DISEASES

Immunity

THEORY:

• I understand the difference in innate and adaptive immune system
• I understand the difference in specific and nonspecific immune system
• I know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
• I understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
• I understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory

LESSON 7 - Learning goals

SKILLS:

• I can explain what immunity is.
• I can explain what barriers in the human body contribute to immunity
• I can define and explain the differences between the innate and adaptive immune system.
• I can explain what phagocytes are and how they contribute to immunity
• I can explain what lymphocytes are and how they contribute to immunity

WORD:

• adaptive immunity
• antigens
• antibodies
• T-lymphocytes
• B-lymphocytes
• Memory cells
• Immunity
• Vaccinations

LESSON 9 - Keywords

TB p. 147-148

Write down your key words (leave spaces for definitions).

Read the textbook pages as seen above. Add any definitions you find in the text. (maybe in pencil)

Watch the video after this slide. 

Adapt and complete the definitions of the key words.

LINES OF DEFENCE

The immune system counters attacks from pathogens in three lines of defense:

1. Barriers: keeping the pathogens out

2. Phagocytes: attacking and wiping out invaded pathogens 

3. Lymphocytes: learning from phagocytes how to specifically and effectively kill a certain type of pathogen

LINES OF DEFENCE

Antigens

• small parts coming from a pathogen
• presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
• foreign vs self
• dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly
• 
  

Antigens

Foreign vs Self

Foreign antigens

antigens that do not originate in the body themselves

Self antigens

antigens that originate in the body themselves

The adaptive immune system can distinguish between foreign and self antigens

Foreign & Self

Antigen specificity

T- and B-lymphocytes have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.

You continuously create new T- and B-lymphocytes to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.

Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active

Antigen specificity

Antigen specificity

You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.

Antigen specificity

From 'naive' to 'active'

a non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called naive. 

Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active

naive T-lymphocyte

antigen recognition

active T-lymphocyte

From "naive" to "active"

T-lymphocytes get to work

division

active T-lymphocyte

1. worn-down macrophages get reactivated

2. reactivated macrophages goes into overdrive and start to kill

1. T-cells activate specific B-cell

2. activated B-cells start to produce antibodies

T-lymphocytes get to work

B-cell

Activated T-cells look for the antigen-specific B-cell.

They activate this B-cell

naive B-cell

also antigen specific

active T-cell activates B-cell

by means of antigen recognition

active B-cell produce lots and lots of antibodies

B-cells

Antibodies

• proteins produced by activated B cells
• Y-shaped
• antigen-specific
• neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction

Antibodies

Memory cells and immunity

• a small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
• They turn into memory cells
• Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
• Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen

+

memory T-cells

memory B-cells

immunity

Memory cells and immunity

Memory cells and immunity

Vaccinations - Immunity

Active

Passive

Artificial

Natural

YR3_T2_LSN9

PATHOGENS PROJECT

- Project time -

PROJECT Lesson -5: Data processing

PROJECT:

Have you finished collecting your data?
Do you have it all organised?
Have you processed the feedback?