The crusades, Charlemagne, the Franks, the fall of the roman empire, the black death, Columbus, Jeroen Bosch, the manor system, the feudal system, an agricultural society, a agrarian-urban society, monks and knights, craftsmen like shoemakers, the emergence of den bosch, the attacks of the vikings, the pope gains more power, the era of cities and states, the age of exploresrs and conquerors, the battle of Hastings,