V4 - Revision Units 1-5 OA

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V4 - Revision units 1-5

Conditionals

Dependent prepositions

Wishes and regrets

Modals & semi-modals

Relative clauses

Unit 1: Conditionals

Mixed conditionals

Past Condition / Present Result

The first one has a condition in the past and a present result. We use it to express that if something had been different in the past there would be a present result.

For example: if we hadn't missed our flight we'd be in Spain now.

The structure is: If + past perfect, would (could, might) + infinitive.

Present Condition / Past Result

We use it to express that due to certain present conditions something already happened in the past.

For example: if I was more diligent, I would've finished my degree at university. The meaning is: I am not a diligent person and because of this present condition I have never finished my degree.

The structure is: if + past simple, would (could, might) have + past participle.

Practice:

https://www.englishlearner.com/intermediate/if-conditional-test/

https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/36.html

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/153_06.htm

https://eflnet.com/grammar/conditionals.php

https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/151.html

Unit 2: Dependent preposition

A preposition is usually a word that expresses the relation between two events, things or people. They can be used to talk about time, space, or other relations:

• She is in Tokyo. (place)
  
• We have a break at 1:30 pm. (time)
  
• Edingburgh is the capital of Scotland. (possession)

There are some verbs that are followed by what is called a dependent preposition.

The preposition is needed to connect the verb and the object. Mostly, there is no choice about which one to use. Basically, the verb + preposition combination is one that we need to learn by heart.

It helps to put verbs into groups based on the preposition they get. See p. 163 of your book. There are many more though. Have a look at the next slide.

Practice

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/verb-preposition/

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/adjective-preposition/

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/063_02.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/verbs-and-prepositions-exercise-1.html

Unit 3: Wishes and regrets

I wish..../If only...

I wish + Past Simple

To express that we want a situation in the present (or future) to be different.

Examples:

• I wish I ate more vegetables. (I don’t eat more vegetables.)
  
• He wishes he had a new house. (He does not have a new house.)
  
• They wish it was August. (It isn’t August.)

I wish + Past Continuous

To express that we want to be doing a different activity in the present (or the future).

Examples:

• I wish I was playing badminton now. (I’m studying English.)
  
• I wish it weren’t raining now. (It is raining now.)
  
• I wish you were coming to my party next week. (You are not coming to my party next week.)

I wish + Past Perfect

This wish grammar structure expresses regret. This means we want to be able to change a situation in the past. (remember the 3rd conditional?)

Examples:

• They wish they hadn’t lost the photo. It was a really good one. (They lost the photo.)
  
• I wish I hadn’t done it. (I did it.)
  
• He wishes he had studied more for their exam. (They didn’t study more for their exam.)

I wish + Would (& verb) 

To express that we want something to happen.

• I wish my car would start. (I can’t make it start and I want it to start).
  
• I wish the lesson would end. (I want it to end).

To express that we want someone to start doing something they do not do.

• I wish you’d listen to me!

To express that we want someone to stop doing something which annoys us.

• I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes!
• I wish my mum wouldn’t phone me every five minutes!

I wish + To Infinitive

We can also use “wish” to express “want” in a formal situation, by using wish + to infinitive.

• I wish to make a complaint and would like to see the manager.

Note: We can use subject + wish + someone as a fixed expression to congratulate them or desire them well.

• We wish you a Merry Christmas.
• I wish her luck in her new career.

Practice:

• https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/4g7-wishes-and-regrets.php
• https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/153_03.htm
• https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/118.html
• http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/wish2.htm
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/wishes-regrets/
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/unreal-uses-past-tenses/

Unit 4: Modals & semi-modals

Practice:

• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/could-have-should-have-would-have-exercise-1.html
• http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/modal2.htm
• http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/modal1.htm
• https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/grammar-exercise-modals.php
• https://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal8.htm

Unit 5: Relative clauses

Practice:

• https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/relative-clauses-3
• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relative-clauses-exercise-1.html
• https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/relative-clauses-4
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/relative-clauses/

For the test:

Practise, practise, practise!

Revise, ask for further explanation or repetition.

Make an overview!