Direct and Indirect speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Direct and Indirect speech

When do you use indirect speech?

What is it?

Reporting that someone else said something...

Sandy: "I have a lot of homework."

Sandy said (that) she had a lot of homework. 

Tom: "We went out last noght."

Tom said (that) they had gone out last night. 

Four steps ;-)

1.  Identify the tense

         2. Change the pronouns

                          3. Change the time expressions

4. Use a reporting verb (said, told, asked)

What changes?

• Sentence in present simple -> past simple
  
• Sentence in present continuous -> past continuous

• Sentence in past simple -> past perfect
  
• Sentence in present perfect -> past perfect

Pronouns and possessive adjectives

I =you

we = they

myself = yourself

https:

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Examples:

Daisy: "I am very tired." (present simple)

Daisy said (that) she was very tired. (past simple)

John: "I am walking the dog." (present continuous)

John said (that) he was walking the dog. (past continuous)

Pete: "I listened to music last night." (past simple)

Pete said (that) he had listened to music last night. (past perfect)

May: "We have lived in Druten for 6 years."

May said (that) they had lived in Druten for 6 years. 

What else can change?

Tim: "We went here yesterday."

Tim said (that) they had gone there yesterday.

Jane: "There is an elephant outside my window!"

Jane said (that) there was an elephant outside her window. 

Mike: "I have the flu."
Mike said (that) ....

Jen: "We all went to the party yesterday." Jen said (that) ....

Mary: "Jenny has a crush on Tom."
Mary said (that) ....

Hailey: "I am doing my homework here." Hailey said (that) ...

Mrs Janssen: "The test is next week."
Mrs Janssen said (that) ....

Turn into reported speech:
He said, “I have got a toothache”.

1. He said that I had got a toothache.
2. He said that he has got a toothache.
3. He said that he had got a toothache.
4. he said that you have got a toothache

Turn into reported speech:
She said to me, “You are my only friend.”

1. She told me that you were my only friend
2. She told you that I am her only friend.
3. She told me that she was my only friend.
4. She told me that I was her only friend.

Julie: I want to go out.
INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Julie said that I want to go out
2. Julie said that she want to go out.
3. Julie said that she wanted to go out.
4. Julie said that she had wanted to go out.

"A bus knocked me down when I was 10."

The busdriver stated: "I did not have enough time to stop the bus."

https:

More information:

Reference book p. 63

Exercises: p. 118/119 no. 11 and 12