Grammar - the passive /reported speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Welcome

Content

 Vocab > see list

 passive  recap

Notebook & pen ready!

Questions

Listen and watch the clip 

1. Who are/what is the Thursday Murder Club?

2.What inspired Osman to write it?

3.What does Richard's mother Brenda have to say about her son's books?

Questions

Listen and watch the clip 

1. Who are/what is the Thursday Murder Club?

2.What inspired Osman to write it?

3.What does Richard's mother Brenda have to say about her son's books?

Voca list

meanwhile

on the contrary

due to

hideous

atrocities

endeavour

simultaneously

perpetual

Lesson goal - the passive

At the end of this class you can:

- recognise the passive 

- understand the use of the passive 

-use the passive correctly

Imporant because:

you can use the techniques in your letters and essays (Part of the 5H PTA). 

Passive or Active?

Harry & Meghan - wedding

'However, it was thought that this could not have been a legal ceremony as it lacked witnesses and a registered venue, and was instead likely to have been an informal exchange of vows'.

'However, experts thought that this could not have been a legal ceremony as it lacked witnesses and a registered venue, and was instead likely to have been an informal exchange of vows'.

                                                                     --   The Guardian 31 March 2021

Harry & Meghan - wedding

'In an interview with the Italian newspaper la Repubblica, the reporter asked Mr Welby about what happened'. 

'In an interview with the Italian newspaper la Repubblica, Welby was asked about what happened'. 

                                                                 

                                                               --   The Guardian 31 March 2021

Passive: what, why & when

What: A sentence is passive when the subject of the sentence receives someone or something else's action. 

Why :

• it creates more distance/it sounds more business-like
• you focus on what happened and not on who 'did' the action.

When: for instance in essays and papers, newspapers

Next slide: read the text, list all passive forms and explain which tense form is used and why.

Man charged in murder investigation

A man has been charged in connection with the investigation into the murder of a 52-year-old man in Dublin's south inner city on Monday. The man, who is in his 40s, was arrested yesterday and questioned at Pearse Street Garda Station.He has since been charged and is due in court this morning.

A woman in her 30s, who was also arrested as part of the investigation, has been released without charge and a file is being prepared for the Director of Public Prosecutions. 

Isaac Horgan was found sitting on a couch in his flat at Markievicz House at around 11am on Monday. He had been stabbed in the upper leg and was pronounced dead a short time later in hospital.

                                                                                                                                                      --  RTE - 31 March 2021

Passive: how

How:

Example:

John carried  Jill  across the threshold. 

subject / onderwerp =  John

verb / werkwoord = carried

direct object / lijdend voorwerp = Jill

                         

Passive: how

How:

Example:

John carried  Jill across the threshold 

Jill was carried across the threshold by John

subject / onderwerp = Jill

verb / werkwoord = was carried

add 'by' 

                         

De tijd van het nieuwe 'to be' werkwoord in je passieve zin  hangt af van de tijd van het werkwoord in je actieve zin. 

Bijv.

John dropped Jill in the living room = past simple

                 Jill was dropped in the living room (by John)

How to recognize a passive sentence...

- Check if there is a form of 'to be' used (am, are, is, was, were, been)

- Is it followed by a participle?

- Is it followed by 'by + noun or pronoun? If not, can it be followed by  'by zombies'?

Are all answers 'yes'? Congratulations, you have a passive sentence.

The Government is planning a new road near my house.

1. passive
2. active

'Boys like to play soccer.'

1. Passive
2. Active

'This room has been painted blue.'

1. Passive
2. Active

'The friends have been looking forward to meeting her.'

1. Passive
2. Active

'Cricket is played in Australia.'

1. Passive
2. Active

Practice 

Easy

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/passive3.htm

intermediate

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html

Advanced

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/passive_quiz.htm

Wrap up

study grammar booklets and idiom!

practice online:

google:  practice all tenses advanced

Indirect speech

direct speech:

Johnny says, 'I am working late tonight'. 

'I will give him a lift to the station tomorrow', Tanya said. 

indirect speech: (it is a couple of days later)

Johnny said (that) he was working that night

Tanya said (that) she would give him a lift to the station the next day/the day after/the following day. 

Direct to Indirect speech

So what happens?

• tense is further back 
• pronouns often  change 
• references to time and place often change

Similar to Dutch

Tenses

Simple present in direct speech John said,  'I know where she is'

wordt    

Simple past in indirect speech 'John told me (that) he knew where she was'

Tenses

Present continuous in direct speech: I am waiting for the bus

wordt

past continuous: She told me she was waiting for the bus. 

Tenses

Simple past in direct speech: He said, 'They left for London last week'.

wordt

past perfect in indirect speech: He said that they had left for London last week. 

Tenses

Present perfect in direct speech: Mother said, 'Mary has lost her bracelet'.

wordt

Past perfect in indirect speech: Morther said that Mary had lost her bracelet. 

Tenses

(Present) perfect continuous in direct speech: He said, 'I have been painting a lovely picture'.

wordt

Past perfect continuous in indirect speech: He said that he had been painting a lovely picture. 

Tenses

Future (present) in direct speech: Mr Darcy says, 'I shall conquer this'. 

wordt 

Past Future in indirect speech: Mr Darcy said that he would conquer that. 

Tenses

(Present) future continuous in direct speech: Marlon said, 'I shall (will) be doing my homework this evening'.

wordt

Past future continous in indirect speech: Marlon said that he would be doing his homework that evening. 

Pay attention

• you can inverse the 'mother said' - part, but not when you're using a pronoun (not: said he, said I)
• Shall and should are only used with I and we!
• All kinds of references to objects, time, and place may change form. 

Wrap up

recap Reported speech