CH3 sec. 3.4 The beginning of the Revolution

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Recap
Which enlightened thinker developed the 'Trias Politica'?

1. John Locke
2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3. Charles de Montesquieu
4. Baruch Spinoza

Which sentence or sentences are correct?
1 Enlightened thinkers felt that people should decide themselves what to believe.
2 They were against religious tolerance.
3 They believed there was a logical explanation for everything.
4 Before the Enlightenment, almost everyone believed that God no longer intervened in life.

1. Sentences 1 and 3
2. Sentence 4
3. Sentences 1, 3 and 4
4. Sentences 2 and 3

Why is Trias Politica important?

1. It prevents abuse of power.
2. More people are involved in government.
3. The king receives help in the administration.
4. It leads to more equality.

Which sentences match enlightened thinkers?
1. If a ruler doesn't perform well, the ruler can be replaced by the people.
2. The power of the government should be divided among the government, parliament and judges.
3. A king doesn't have to answer for his actions to anyone.
4. The Church should have a say in government.

1. 1 and 2
2. 1 and 3
3. 2 and 3
4. 2 and 4

Which sentences match the Ancien Régime?
1. Every state should have a constitution which sets out the citizens right's and duties and government's organisation .
2. Rulers received their power from God.
3. Kings and ministers were given their power by the people.
4. The king is the law.

1. 1 and 2
2. 1 and 3
3. 2 and 3
4. 2 and 4

Learning objectives

Main question: What changed in France as a result of the French Revolution?

• You can explain what the causes were of the French Revolution;
• You can explain that the French Revolution was a revolutionary change;
• You can explain that the French Revolution had a moderate and a radical phase;
• You know the terms and dates of this section.

Causes

• Enlightened thinkers are critical of absolutism;

• Louis XVI is facing financial problems;

• The Third Estates demands more influence in the States-General.

A new house of representatives

Louis XVI wants to change the tax system to solve the financial problems. 

He is an absolute monarch, but because of the unhappy population he calls upon an assembly of the States General.

5 May 1789 meeting of Staten General. Argument about the way of voting (per Estate or personal?).

A new house of representatives

• Meeting fails and the Third Estate  founed their own meeting: National Assembly.
• Tennis Court Oath. Agreed not to leave until France had had a constitution.
• Document stating the citizens' rights and duties, and the government's organisation.

Fall of the Bastille

Start French Revolution

• 14 July 1789 Storming of the Bastille (trigger).
• Revolt spreads to countryside (killings and looting)
• The king acknowledges the National Assembly.

Fall of the Bastille

National Assembly abolishes the rights of the First and Second Estates.

Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen. 

All French were given equal rights and duties.

Fall of the Bastille

1791 Constitution completed

• King Louis XVI had to implement laws from then on;
• National Assembly made laws;
• Wealthy received the right to vote.

The king no longer held absolute power.

Girondists and Jacobins

Many noblemen flee to other countries.

1791 Louis XVI attempts to flee to Prussia (fails).

1792 War with Prussia and Austria.

Girondists and Jacobins

August 1792 Louis XVI arrested and accused of treason.

Januari 1793 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette beheaded.

Monarchy abolished. France becomes a republic.

Girondists and Jacobins

The Girondists formed a majority in the National Assembly. Were moderate. Wanted gradual change, limit the power of the poor and were supported mainly by the bourgeoisie.

Many French were dissatisfied about their government :

• Wars weren't succesful;
  
• Poor lived still in same circumstances;
  
• Lack of politial influence.

Girondists and Jacobins

1793 The Jacobins came into power under the leadership of Robespierre.

They were radicals. The Jacobins wanted major changes fast and more power the commoners.

Sep 1793- Aug 1794 Terror

Thousands of people beheaded.

1795-1799 New government: the Directoire

Learning objectives

Main question: What changed in France as a result of the French Revolution?

• You can explain what the causes were of the French Revolution;
• You can explain that the French Revolution was a revolutionary change;
• You can explain that the French Revolution had a moderate and a radical phase;
• You know the terms and dates of this section.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.