wine

• Catering
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Wine

Name 3 types of wine?

Types of wine

Still

When people think wine they are thinking about still wine, it is referred to

as still wine due to the wine making process. During fermentation the

yeasts consume the sugar and turn it into alcohol, a by product of this

process is carbon dioxide. If the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape the

wine is referred to as still.

Sparkling 

Sparkling wine is wine that contains carbon dioxide. People often refer to

sparkling wine as Champagne, in reality this is a region in France that

produces the famous sparkling wine, to confuse everyone New World

producers often put Champagne with a geographic qualifier on their labels

or use “champagne method” to describe their wine.

Fortified 

Fortified

This category of wine is usually higher than 14% alcohol, an alcohol like grape

brandy is usually added either during fermentation or after, and

sometimes flavoured with herbs, roots, peels, and spices. The most

popular examples are port, sherry, Madeira, Marsala. Sherry is often

matured by mixing young and old wine together. This is called the Solera

system

Name a red wine ?

Grape varieties 

Grape varieties

Red:

Cabernet sauvignon

Versatile, rich, full of flavour and body. The world’s most popular red grape.

Blackcurrants and ripe berry fruits, flavour enhanced by oak ageing. Often

blended with Merlot.

Grapes 

Pinot noir

Fragrant, full flavoured, ripe berry taste with a smooth finish. Much favoured

in burgundy and in sparkling wine production.

Merlot

Bordeaux’s classic red. Fragrant perfume, soft structure in new world, richer

in France. Often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon.

Grapes

Shiraz / Syrah

Full bodied, spicy , peppery, warm, rich flavours when grown in hot climates.

Often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon for a softer finish.

Information on the bottle 

The label on the wine bottle gives us the following information:

What country / region it comes from

The year in which the wine was bottled or vintage

The alcohol content

Information 

The label on the wine bottle gives us the following information:

What country / region it comes from

The year in which the wine was bottled or vintage

The alcohol content

How much wine is in the bottle

The quality category

This guarantees that the wine is from a particular region or of a particular

quality used in Europe.

QWPSR or Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region is a general term used

across wine making. Each region will have its own specific quality term.

Table wine

Wine produced in European countries is considered to be the Old world.

Wine produced in New Zealand, Australia, North America, South America

and South Africa is considered to be new world.

Specialist terms

Viticulture:

This is the process of growing the grapes

Vinification:

This is the process of making wine from the grapes

Process of making wine 

Crushing: This is the first process which involves crushing or pressing the

grapes to release the juice leaving the skin behind. In red wine production

the skins are added later on to give the wine its colour and tanin*.

Passing: The juice is passed through a sieve to take any remaining pips or skin

away, leaving the juice.

Fermentation: The wine is then poured into containers. The type of container

used has an impact on the final flavour of the wine. (Oak barrels, steel

tanks, wooden vats and concrete tanks)

Maturing: The wine is left in the containers for a period of time. This depends

on the quality of the grape juice.

Process of making wine 

Bottling: The wine makers transfer the wine to the bottles that they will be

sold in. the wine can be left to age in the bottle if required. The labels are

added at this point.

*Tannin is the ingredient that leaves you mouth feeling dry and furry

Tasting wine

Tasting

Appearance – clarity, colour, condition

Nose – aromas, intensity, condition

Taste – sweetness, acidity, body, length / finish,

oak, tannin

Recording details

Tasting technique

How many units of alcohol are in a standard glass of wine?

1. 2 units
2. 6 units
3. 1 unit
4. 4 units

What does viticulture refer to?

1. The art of cheese making.
2. The study of marine biology.
3. The growing of grapes for winemaking.
4. The practice of beekeeping.

What does viticulture refer to?

1. Potato farming for chip production
2. Rice planting for sake brewing
3. Wheat cultivation for bread making
4. Grape cultivation for winemaking

Service 

The correct order for serving wine at the table:

1. Present wine to the host
   
2. Remove foil
   
3. Remove cork and wipe if necessary
   
4. Pour a small amount for the host to taste
   
5. Serve ladies first then gentlemen and top up the
   
6. host last.

Factors that influence the taste and quality of wine in grape growing :

Climate

Type of soil

Grape variety/vine family

Method of making wine or viticulture

composition of the grape 

factors that influence the quality
and and taste when making wine?

Factors that influence the quality

and and taste when making wine?

Yeast and fermentation

Method of wine making 

Maturing process

shipping 

storage

temperature 

Faults in wine making 

Faults

1. Wine contains living organisms.
   
2. Should the cork or seal be broken then oxygen
   
3. seeps in and the wine will start to ‘go off’
   
4. Corked wine does not mean that the wine has
   
5. bits of cork in it.
   
6. Sediment from the wine will gather at the
   
7. bottom of the bottle. This is a natural
   
8. occurrence and does not mean that the wine
   
9. is damaged.

Tannins in winemaking contribute to the structure and aging potential of wine.

Tannins are essential for wine quality.

Too much tannin can overpower flavors.

Tannins should be minimized for smoother wine.

Proper tannin management is crucial for balance.