Holocaust in pictures

• history
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Holocaust in pictures

Images speak louder than their voices. 

What do you know about the Holocaust?

Lesson Goals

• You will see how the holocaust was organised
• You will learn about the 10 phases of Genocide (volkerenmoord) 
• You will be able to analyse pictures to retrieve information. 
• You are able to shift in perpective in your analysis

Classification

• First step in the process of genocide.
  
• Jews were a part of Dutch society, but by propaganda campaigns (Goebbels) the hatred against Jews was organised, using prejudice (VOOROORDELEN) 
• Slowly Jews were put out of society, made a seperate group. 

Polarisation

• Prejudice is followed by discriminating laws. 
• Immediately after Nazi occupation anti- Jewish Laws are introduced. 
• Daily life for Jews gets complicated: they were sacked, not allowed to walk in parks, be in public trnasport, walk on the pavement. 
• Jews and not-Jews were set up against eachother. 

Symbolisation

• from May 1942 Jews were obligated to wear the David Star
• (6 years and older!) 
• Visible who is Jewish (shaming) 
• Exclusion of Jews becomes easier

Organisation

• Arresting Jews was prepared, organised and executed by the Germans and Dutch police (!)
• Also help from Dutch civilians (money for betrayal)  Collaboration

Discrimination

• Iedereen met één of meer joodse grootouders is joods, ook al voel je dat niet (meer).
• Vrijheid ingeperkt door discriminerende wetten.

De- humanisation

- Jews were seen as inferior.

- All belongings were stolen from them .

- Contacts with non-Jews were prohibited.

- Entertainment or sports was prohibited for Jews.

By no longer seeing Jews as human beings, it was easier to kill them.

Preparation 

• Jews were forced to live in a ghetto: separate from non-Jews.
• After registration Jews had to report themselves daily for the Jewish Council. Razzia's were held: rounding up Jewish families that didn't report. 
• From the list names were selected for deportation to Westerbork. But first they were held prison in the Hollandse Schouwburg (near Artis) . 

Prosecution

• Genocide aims to destroy an entire population. 
• Also children, disabled persons and elderly were victims.

Murder

• All previous led to murder. 
• In  July 1942 the murder on (Dutch) Jews starts in concentration- and destructioncamps. 
• After arrival most of the 140.000 Jews were instantly gassed. Other were forced to work until death. 
• Warning! following pictures might be shocking! 

-Of the approximately 140,000 Jews in the Netherlands, 

107,000 were deported, 

of which only 5,200 returned alive: 

about 95 percent of them 

did not survive the Holocaust. 

-About 75% of the Jews living in Amsterdam 

did not survive the Holocaust.

-NL had the highest number of Jewish victims in Europe. 

Denyal

- To this day there are people who deny the Holocaust (= forbidden by law).

- During/after the war the perpetrators tried to cover their tracks. Fled to Argentinia

- Many survivors therefore see it as their duty to tell their story.

- In addition, every diary, document and photo is evidence of the existence of the Holocaust. Education is key. 

https: