The gerund

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

The Gerund

How do you create a gerund?

Which of these sentences have a gerund?

1. I can't help falling in love with you.
2. Having more than one drink isn't a good idea.
3. We are having a party at the moment.
4. She was studying the entire evening.

Which of these sentences have a gerund?

1. Studying is required to pass this test.
2. Neville really loves running.
3. I'm not keen on studying.
4. He is talking to Jennifer.

How do you create a gerund?

infinitive +  ing

I don't feel like doing anything.

What's the difference between a gerund and a continous?

When do you use a gerund?

1.  after prepostions (voorzetsels)

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Give two examples of a preposition.

When do you use a gerund?

2. After certain verbs: 

Most common:

 love, hate, like, prefer, enjoy, mind, avoid, miss,  remember, 

 refuse, delay, suggest, keep, spend, stop/ finish/quit

Other verbs see page 93 Alquin book.

When do you use a gerund?

4.After certain expressions:

it's no good

 it's no use

it's (not) worth

there's no	can't help	be busy
can't stand	feel like

When do you use a gerund?

As the subject of a sentence.

(let op in het nederlands zeg je dan vaak: Het.....)

Collecting stamps is an old fashioned hobby.

Het verzamelen van postzegels...................

When do you use a gerund?

As the object (lijdend voorwerp) of a sentence.

They enjoy swimming in the sea.

Gerund vs Infinitive

Gerund vs infinitive

I love playing tennis 

I promised to play tennis with my sister

gerund vs infinitive

gerund = skiing, swiming, walking, laughing, verb-ing

infinitive = to ski, to swim, to walk, to laugh, to [verb]

Grammar: Gerund vs. Infinitive

Gerund vs. Infinitive

- Beide een vorm die niet verandert als de tijd of het aantal
   personen verandert. 

- Verschil zit hem in het woord ervoor: 
Gerund (-ing): "avoid, keep, resist, risk, suggest, consider, ..."
Infinitive (-to): "agree, hope, want, promise, offer, need, ..."

See also pages 93 and 103

Gerund vs infinitive

Over het algemeen kijkt de gerund naar het verleden

• I don't know where she is. I've tried calling her.

en kijkt de infinitive naar de toekomst

• I will try to call her again.

of geeft aan dat je iets geprobeerd hebt maar het is niet gelukt

• I tried to call her but she didn't pick up.

Gerund vs To infinitive

To remember:

1) Vooruitkijken (denk eraan...) = infinitive

Remember to pack your bag for tomorrow!

2) Terugkijken (herinner...) = gerund

I don't remember seeing you before.

Gerund vs To infinitive

To stop:

1) Vooruitkijken (denk eraan...) = infinitive

He stopped to smoke.

2) Terugkijken (herinner...) = gerund

He stopped smoking

Recap:

Subject:   Swimming is fun

 After prepositions (b.v. about, in, off, at, of, without, by, before):

   He left without paying

 After certain expressions: (b.v. it's no use, it's no good, can't help,  can’t stand)

   It's no use arguing

After certain verbs: (b.v. mind,  enjoy, like fancy, finish, quit, suggest)    

 I suggested going to the seaside

She delayed ...
(get) out of bed.

1. to get
2. getting

He demanded ... (speak) to the manager.

1. to speak
2. speaking

I offered ... (help).

1. to help
2. helping

I miss ... (go) to the beach.

1. to go
2. going

I'd hate ... (arrive) too late.

1. to arrive
2. arriving

I chose ... (work) here.

1. to work
2. working

Practice!