Joints

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• Leerjaar 1

Joints

At the end of this lesson

• You can identify the different types of joints in a human body.
  
• You can identify the different types of joint movements.
  
• You can have a basic understanding of hinge joints, pivot joints, and ball and socket joints.

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What are the three bones in your leg?

What two muscles move the leg bones?

Bones in your leg

Bones above your legs

Femur

Tarsals

Vertebrae

Cranium

Tibia

Metatarsals

Ulna

Scapula

Phalanges x2

Fibula

What do you already know about joints?

This is a mindmap

Three types of Joints

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints

Synovial joints move around the most. There is a slipper cartilage that covers the end of the bones. There are six types of synovial joints;

Hinge joints

Ball and socket joints

Pivot joints

Planar Joints

Condyloid Joints

Saddle joints

Cartilaginous joints are surrounded by a layer of cartilage which joins the bones together. 

Some of these joints have movement, but often they do not more in many directions or move far.

 

Fibrous joints are not very flexible, some of them do not move at all!

They usually contain a lot of collagen.

Open to page 24 - Answer 3.1 Identify the 3 types of joints.

Synovial Joints

- A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.

- Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in your body, they allow us free movement to perform skills. 

Synovial Joints

- They have the widest range of movement and are usually made up of three different types of joints ; hinge joints, pivot joints and balls and socket joints.

- In between the Synovial joints is fluid which lubricates the joints so they move smoothly.

- In synovial joints, cartilage covered the end of the bones (articular cartilage)which cushions the joints therefore protecting the bones from friction and wear and tear.

- The movement at a synovial joint is caused by the muscles attached across the joint.

- Muscles are attached to bones by tendons which are very strong inelastic connective tissues.

Hinge Joints

The elbow is a hinge joint. Elbows move in two directions, like a hinge on a door. Elbows allow the movement of the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the lower arm to pivot. 

Hinge Joints

The knee is a hinge joint which allows the femur bone the thigh and the fibula and tibia in the lower leg to move. Unlike the elbow, knees also allow some rotation.

Fingers also have hinge joints.

Pivot Joints

The radius and ulna in the lower arm allow the elbow to hinge. However, these bones are also joined together in a pivot joint. This mean they can rotate around each other. 

To see this stretch your arm and hand out then turn your hand plan face up then face down. There is another pivot join in the neck. 

Ball and Socket joint

The hips are ball and socket joints. These allow the greatest amount of movement. At the top end of the humerus bone in the upper arm is a ball shape. 

Pivot Joint

This sits in a depression in the shoulder blade (scapula bone) which allows it to rotate. The same is true at the top end of the femur bone which sits within a depression of the pelvic bone in the hip.

If you stand up and move your hips in a circle motion. You can do this because its a ball and socket join. 

Do you know any types of joint movements?

Types of Joints Movements

Flexion - bending a joint. This occur when the angle of a joint decreases. When performing a bicep curl, the below flexes.

Extension - Straightening a joint. This occurs when the angler of a joint increases,

Abduction - Movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hips and shoulder joints during a star jump movement.

Adduction - Movement towards the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a star jump movement.

Rotation - Limb move in a circular movement around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline of the body. When golder perform a driving shot, their hips rota.

Plantar flexion - This movement only occurs at the ankle, when pointing the toes.

Dorsiflexion - The foot moves towards the shin as if you are pulling your toes up. This movement only occurs at the ankle.

Research Task!

Research each of the joint movements and find specific examples. 

- Flexion

- Extension

- Abduction

- Adduction

- Rotation

- Plantar Flexion 

- Dorsiflexion

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Adduction

Rotation

Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion

Create a leaflet for 3.2/ 3.3

Create an informative leaflet that identifies the different synovial joints and the different types of joints movements.

• Explain what a synovial joint is.
  
• Identify the different types of joints.
  
• Explain each joint with EXAMPLES.
  

What type of joint is between vertebrae?

1. Ball-and-socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Cartilaginous joint
4. Pivot joint

Which joint is freely movable?

1. Ball-and-socket joint
2. Fibrous joint
3. Hinge joint
4. Cartilaginous joint

What type of joint allows rotation?

1. Saddle joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Ball-and-socket joint
4. Pivot joint

Type of Joint	Body location	Tyes of movement
Hinge	Knee, Elbow	Flexion/ Extension
Pivot

Extension task 

On page 27, complete the extension task.

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