CH4 sec. 4.1 From manual work to machines

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Memo h/v 2 TTO

CH4 The time of citizens and steam engines

Industrial Revolution

sec. 4.1 From manual work to machines

1) Citizens were critical of the stadholder. Which anwer isn't an example?

1. Willem V behaved like an absolute monarch
2. Willem V stood up for the rights of the citizens
3. Willem V tried to increase his power
4. Willem V made the position of stadholder hereditary

2) What did the Patriots want?

1. Equal rights for everyone and a constitution
2. Equal rights for everyone and more power for the stadholder
3. More influence for the Church and a constitution
4. More influence for the Church and more power for the stadholder

3) Why were Patriots forced to flee in 1787?

1. Citizens received a say in government.
2. Their revolt failed.
3. France occupied the Republic.
4. Prussia declared war on the Republic.

4) Put the following Dutch states in the correct time sequence.

1. French Province, Batavian Republic, Republic of the 7 United Netherlands,
2. French Province, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland
3. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Kingdom of Holland, Batavian Republic
4. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland

5) What doesn't match the Batavian Republic?

1. Citizens received fundamental rights
2. Regents received more political influence
3. unitary state
4. constitution

Program

• Recap 3.3
• Intro CH4 and learning objectives 4.1
• Video Industrial revolution
• Explanation 4.1 
• 4.1 MC questions
• Correct hw
• Weektask

Industrial Revolution

Time period 8

The time of citizens and steam engines (1800-1900)

Historical period

Modern period (1800-present). Sometimes called modern times or modern era.

Industrial Revolution

1750-1850

A major turning point in world history

• antibiotics
• battery
• ban on child labour
• car
• clean drinking water
• electricity 
  
• factories
• life expectancy higher than 35 years old

• machines
• not growing your own food
  
• not living on a farm
• phone
• right to education
• train
• toilet
  
• weekend
• women's rights

What do we owe to the Industrial Revolution?

Learning objectives

• I can explain what industrialization involves.
  
• I can name the five main causes of the Industrial Revolution.
  
• I can explain why we speak of an Industrial Revolution.
• I can explain terms and name important dates.

Industrial Revolution

Time period 8

The time of citizens and steam engines (1800-1900)

Historical period

Modern period (1800-present). Sometimes called modern times or modern era.

What is the Industrial Revolution?

Big changes in Western Europe due to the

rise of factories and new means of transport

at the end of the eighteenth century and in the nineteenth century.

Video questions

1) Which revolution took place before the industrial revolution?

2) Which invention led to the mechanization of the production of goods and improvements in transport?

3) What is cottage industry?

Video questions

1) Which revolution took place before the industrial revolution?

The agrarian revolution.

2) Which invention led to the mechanization of the production of goods and improvements in transport?

The steam engine.

3) What is cottage industry?

Work for the textile industry people do at home to earn some extra money.

The first factories

Industrial Revolution

• Industrialization started in England around 1750 in textile industry.

• Before arrival of factories there was cottage industry. People used spinning wheels and weaving looms.
• Demand for cotton grew > new inventions (Spinning Jenny).
• Water powered machines > factories 
• Around 1750 replaced by steam power (steam engine).

Spinning Jenny

1764

• The Spinning Jenny of James Hargreaves reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. It required manual power to operate.
  

Water frame

1769

• The Water frame of Richard Arkwright was a spinning frame powered by a water-wheel. The Arkwright water frame was able to spin 96 cotton threads at a time, which was an easier and faster method than ever before.
  

Steam engine

Around 1764 

• First working steam engine of the Industrial Revolution was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. It was used to pump water from coal mines.
• James Watt improved the steam engine so it could be used to drive spinning and weaving machines.

Steam locomotive

1825

• Locomotive No. 1 was invented by George Stephenson . Revolutionised freight and passenger transport.

Causes of industrialization

Around 1750 England was an enormous empire with many colonies.

• Improvements in farming led to higher yields, 

surplus of food led to population growth.

• The number of workers increased farmers lost jobs 

because of efficient farming.

• Cheap raw materials (like cotton) available from 

British colonies.

• Large supplies of coal and iron ore (England) : fuel for 

steam engines and steel for machines and infrastructure.

• More and more machines invented.

Consequences of industrialization

• Change from an agrarian-urban society into an industrial society.

       - Agriculture was no longer the primary means of subsistence.

       - Cottage industry was replaced by mass production. 

• Infrastructure: improved connections by 

       land and water (railroads and canals).

• Urbanization: Rural areas changed 

       into industrial areas with large, densely
       populated cities.

• Pollution: Increasing use of coal 

       led to air pollution. Start of global warming.

1750

1-What matches time period 8?
1) Age of regents and rulers
2) Age of citizens and steam engines
3) 1700-1800
4) 1800-1900

1. 1 and 3
2. 1 and 4
3. 2 and 3
4. 2 and 4

2-What matches the industrial revolution?
1) Most people are farmers and live in the countryside.
2) Most people are factory workers and live in cities.
3) Work is done by machines driven by steam power.
4) Work is done by manual labour helped by animal power.

1. 1 and 3
2. 1 and 4
3. 2 and 3
4. 2 and 4

3-What were four important inventions for industry and transport?

1. Spinning Jenny, water frame, typewriter, steam engine,
2. Spinning Jenny, water frame, steam engine, steam train
3. Spinning Jenny, typewriter, steam train, telegraph
4. Water frame, steam engine, steam train, telegraph

4-Why were the first factories built close to rivers?

1. The new machines didn't fit in people's homes
2. It was easier to transport goods by boat.
3. Water provided driving power to run machines.

5-What was not a cause for the Industrial Revolution to start in England?

1. Cottage industry: farmers needed more machines.
2. Natural resources: large supplies of coal, iron ore and cheap raw materials
3. Improvements in farming: surplus of food led to population growth.
4. Population growth: mortality rate dropped when there was more food available.

6 Which consequence of industrialization do we see in the picture?

1. industrial society
2. infrastructure
3. urbanization
4. pollution

7 Which consequence of industrialization do we see in the picture?

1. industrial society
2. infrastructure
3. urbanization
4. pollution

8 Which consequence of industrialization do we see in the picture?

1. industrial society
2. infrastructure
3. urbanization
4. pollution

9 Which consequence of industrialization do we see in the picture?

1. industrial society
2. infrastructure
3. urbanization
4. pollution

Learning objectives

• I can explain what industrialization involves.
  
• I can name the five main causes of the Industrial Revolution.
  
• I can explain why we speak of an Industrial Revolution.
• I can explain terms and name important dates.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.