Modal auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries
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EngelsMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 2

This lesson contains 29 slides, with text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 60 min

Items in this lesson

Modal Auxiliaries

Slide 1 - Slide

What is a lexical verb?
What is a copula?
What is an auxiliary verb?

Slide 2 - Slide

Copy the following sentence into your notebook

The cables that must have been supporting the suspension bridge have broken but that can not be the reason why the  bridge has collapsed. 

Circle or highlight the lexical verbs and underline the auxiliary verbs.

Slide 3 - Slide

 
The cables that must have been supporting the suspension bridge have  broken but that can not be the reason why the  bridge has  collapsed. 


Slide 4 - Slide

Which verbs are the primary auxiliary verbs?

Slide 5 - Slide

Slide 6 - Slide

primary auxiliary verbs 
Used to denote (=aanduiden) tense (also in questions or negations):

I am eating bread;  I was eating a donut.
They have eaten a sandwich; they had eaten a lot;
Do you eat bread? ; You did not  eat any bread yesterday.

Slide 7 - Slide

Slide 8 - Slide

What are modal auxiliary verbs?

Slide 9 - Slide

Modal auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are
auxiliary verbs that are used to show a(n):

 ability, certainty, possibility, probability or obligation (=necessity). 

Unlike most verbs, there is only one form of these verbs.

Slide 10 - Slide

Write down some modal auxiliary verbs!

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Must (expressing obligation)
Only  1  form: Must (e.g. no past tense, no perfect tense);
Use:
a)  When something is obliged (personally or from a source outside) or not allowed:

( My mother told me that ) I must wear sunscreen or I will get a sunburn. (personal obligation and an obligation from a source outside)
You must not park your bike in front of the school. (it is forbidden)

Slide 12 - Slide

Must
b) to make deductions (= conclusies) when we are more or less certain about something:

You must be very tired, you worked so hard. (conclusie)
I must have left my notebook at home. (I do not know for sure)

Slide 13 - Slide

Must vs Have to 

Must does not have a past or a perfect form so,
 If you need a past or a perfect form you use: 
Have to:  which can be used in all tenses:
Have to
has to  
had to
have had to

Slide 14 - Slide

must   vs   have to
Use: 
a)  An obligation made by someone else: 
You have to turn left here. 
You have to do your homework.
b) In the past:
I had to wear sunscreen last summer.
I had to park my bike at the back of the school.

Slide 15 - Slide

must not   vs    do not have to
Must not: something is not allowed:
You must not leave your bag near the staircase in the hall.

Do not have to: something is not necessary:
You do not have to do your homework for tomorrow.

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Should
a. expresses an obligation:  
You should work hard for your test. (zou moeten)
b. gives a recommendation: 
You should stop eating fast food. (zou eigenlijk moeten)
c. gives an opinion: 
Parents should not let their children play aggressive games. 
(zouden eigenlijk niet moeten)

 

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Shall (present tense of should)
Use:
1. to make a suggestion:
    Shall we dance? Shall I go now?
2. for obligation in very formal situations:
    You shall obey the rules. Students shall not enter here.
    There shall be no food and drink on the premises.

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Will   Would
Both used: 

To offer or request something:
I will do the shopping today.
Would you be so kind as to call her?

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Will
Use: 
1. to show desire, preference, choice or consent:
   I will accept your offer. Will you please be quiet?
2. to show the future:
    It will be a great party. I will probably go out tonight.
3. to express capability:
    The ship will take three hundred guests. This bottle will hold two litres of coca cola.
4. to express determination or insistence:
     I will pass my test with an 8. I will do as you say.



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Would
Use:
1. to show preference
   I would rather go to the cinema today. 
2.  to show a wish
   I would like to have more free time.
3. for advice
   If I were you, I would study hard for this test.



Slide 21 - Slide

Can 
Use:
1.  for ability:
     I can speak 5 languages. She can't sing.
2. for informal permission:
    Can I sit here? Can we leave now?
3. for requests or suggestions
    Can I have the bill? You can sit wherever you like.


Slide 22 - Slide

Could
Use:
1. past ability:
     I could run ten kilometres when I was younger.
2.  for permission ( formal - polite):
      Could you repeat that again? Could I please go to the toilet?
3. for possibility: 
     This holiday could be really good. 
     You could go to to school when the lockdown is finished.



Slide 23 - Slide

May
Use: 
1. for formal permission.
    May I come in? May I go to the toilet Miss?
2. to suggest a possibility
     It may rain this evening. They may be late.


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Might
Use:
1. for an uncertain possibility
    It might be bad weather tomorrow. 
   Our teacher might come to  the party tonight.

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1. We ................ leave now or we will be late for class.
2.  I .............. like a cup of tea, please.
3. I ................ probably spend the holidays with my family next summer.
4. Sarah is such a talented singer. She ................ practise a lot.
5. ............. you show me your passport please?

Slide 26 - Slide

1. We SHOULD leave now or we will be late for class.
2.  I WOULD like a cup of tea, please.
3. I WILL probably spend the holidays with my family next summer.
4. Sarah is such a talented singer. She MUST practise a lot.
5. COULD you show me your passport please?

Slide 27 - Slide

So, do you understand what the modal auxiliaries are all about?

Slide 28 - Slide

If your answer was NO ask your teacher for some extra help, explanations and exercises!

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