YR2-CH5&6-LSN4-SHB

• Biologie / Verzorging
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

TODAY- LESSON 4:

recap: respiration, blood, arteries and veins

new: heart and lungs

Last weeks:

respiration -> aerobic and anaerobic

warm and cold blooded

blood -> red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

arteries ->blood containing tubes from the heart

veins -> blood containing tubes to the heart

heart -> atria, ventricles, valves, systole, diastole, blood pressure 

Today:

Lungs:

• parts of the longs
  
• inhalation and exhalation 
• respiratory system in animals

Lungs

K.P.68

Respiratory system

1. nose
2. mouth
3. larynx
4. lung
5. bronchi
6. diaphragm
7. pharynx
8. trachea
9. bronchi
10. bronchiole
11. alveoli

Lungs + alveoli

Feel your lungs working

First put your hands on your ribs.

Feel your breathing activity.

Is it thoracic or abdominal? 

Lungs short movie:

Movie:

Look at the order of activities

that will lead to inhalation and

exhalation. 

Remember the order of steps.

Thoracic inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

intercostal muscles contract

ribs pull the plearul membrane open

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

ribs move up

Thoracic inhalation:

1. intercostal muscles contract
2. ribs move up
3. ribs pull the pleural membrane open
4. pleural membrane pulls open the lungs
5. air is sucked into the lungs

Thoracic exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

intercostal muscles relax

ribs push the plearul membrane closed

the plearul membrane pushes the lungs closed

ribs move down

Thoracic exhalation:

1. intercostal muscles relax
2. ribs move down
3. ribs push the pleural membrane closed
4. pleural membrane pushes closed the lungs
5. air is pushed out of the lungs

Abdominal inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

abdominal muscles contract

the diaphragm moves down

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

the diaphragm pulls the pleural membrane open

Abdominal inhalation:

1. abdominal muscles contract
2. the diaphragm moves down
3. the diaphragm pulls the pleural membrane open
4. pleural membrane pulls open the lungs
5. air is sucked into the lungs

Abdominal exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

abdominal muscles relax

the diaphragm  pushes the pleural membrane closed

the pleural membrane pushes the lungs closed

the diaphragm moves up

Abdominal exhalation:

1. abdominal muscles relax
2. the diaphragm moves up
3. the diaphragm pushes the pleural membrane closed
4. pleural membrane pushes closed the lungs
5. air is pushed out of the lungs

MAMMALS:

• lungs (alveolar wall)
• mucus
• air
• carried in the blood through the bloodvessels.
• the lungs are made up of millions of tiny airsacs (alveoli)

Dolphins

• have lungs
• via blowhole
• are mammals 
  
• oral cavity separated from the respiratory system

AMOEBA:

• via cell membrane
• they live in water
• water
• through diffusion
• folds in the cell membrane

WORMS:

• the skin
• the cover the skin with mucus
• air (mostly)
• through bloodvessels
• through ridges in the skin

FISH:

• in gills
• with water
• water
• through bloodvessels
• many gills overlapping on gill ridges

INSECT:

• spiracles
• water
• air
• through tubes called spiracles on the side of the body
• the tubes go far into the body.

Fish get oxygen:

1. via abdominal inhalation.
2. via their cell membranes.
3. via gills.
4. via spiracles.

Worms get oxygen:

1. via spiracles.
2. via their skin.
3. via gills.
4. via a blowhole.

Amoeba get oxygen:

1. via cell membrane.
2. via thoracic exhalation.
3. via gills.
4. via the skin.

How can you measure breathing?

spirometer

Spirograms:

• When we breathe air moves into and out of our lungs.
• We can measure how much air moves at a time and put these measurements into a graph.
• These graphs are called Spirograms.
• Take a look at the next slide.

Important words:

You do not need to know all the words in the graph only the most important ones.

• Vital capacity
• Residual volume
• Total lung Capacity
• Tidal volume

Vital Capacity:

• The maximum amount of air you can move with one large inhalation  followed by a large exhalation.
  
• How much is this person's vital capacity?

Vital Capacity

Just under 4 liters.

Residual Volume:

• A small amount of air that always stays behind in the lungs, this is so they do not collapse.
  
• How much is this person's Residual Volume?

Residual Volume

Just over 2 liters.

Total Lung Capacity:

• The maximum amount of air a person's lungs can hold.
• How much is this person's Total Lung Capacity?

Total Lung Capacity

6 liters

Tidal Volume:

• The amount of air a person moves into and out of the lungs when relaxed.
• How much is this person's Tidal Volume?

Tidal Volume

about 0.8 liters

Homework for lesson 4

check whether you handed in your previous homework before Friday May 21th 09:00 o'clock.  

worksheets: lungs

study for the test

Ask your last questions!!!

Why do we need oxygen?

1. For digestion.
2. For respiration.
3. We don't need it.
4. For tasting.

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic 

respiration

with oxygen

without oxygen

less energy

more energy

gives carbon dioxide 

results in lactic acid

mitochondria

cytoplasm

all of glucose used

glucose not completely used

Drag the boxes on the right to the correct place in the picture.

Alveolus

Oxygen

Red blood cell

Blood with little oxygen

Blood with lots of oxygen

Air

CO2

Bloodflow

Bloodflow in the heart is a 

one-way street.

It follows the direction of the arrows

From which chamber of the heart does blood leave to go to the lungs?

1. Right ventricle
2. Right atrium
3. Left ventricle

Which chamber produces the highest pressure in the blood?

1. Right atrium
2. Left atrium
3. Left ventricle

Aorta

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

vena cava

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

tricuspid valve

aortic  valve

mitral valve

pulmonary valve

septum

apex

	Wall	Pressure	Speed	Valves
Artery
Vein
Capillary

One cell thick

thick, elastic

thin

high

high

low

low

high to low

high to low

yes

no

no

1. 1.artery 2. vein 3. capillary
2. 1. capillary 2. artery 3. vein
3. 1. vein 2. capillary 3 artery
4. all answers are wrong

Red blood cells don't:

1. transport oxygen
2. transport glucose
3. transport carbon dioxide
4. transport haemoglobin

White blood cells don't:

1. produce antibodies
2. belong to the immune system
3. eat pathogens
4. transport oxygen

What is the reason why we can’t breathe out our residual volume?

1. Because of the amount of nitrogen gas in the air; we need an amount of oxygen to stay in our lungs.
2. If we would empty out our lungs, the lungs would collapse.
3. Because of air pollution; we need an amount of clean air to stay in our lungs.
4. Because of carbon dioxide in the lungs.

moisture the alveolus

High oxygen concentration.

High carbon dioxide concentration.

one cell layer thick

cappilaries around the alveoli

oxygen goes into the red blood cells

oCarbon dioxide goes into the air

Red blood cell transport gasses

Which type of blood vessel has valves inside?

1. Artery
2. Vein
3. Capillary