Classification and Formation of Rocks

• Geography
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

Classification and Formation of Rocks

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Learning Objectives

• Identify the three main types of rocks
• Understand how each type of rock is formed
• Describe the characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
• Know the process of formation for each rock type
• Recognize how scientists classify rocks

What do you already know about rocks and their types?

Igneous Rocks

• Formed from cooled and solidified molten rock
• Extrusive igneous rocks: formed from magma erupted onto the surface
• Intrusive igneous rocks: formed from slowly cooled magma underground

Igneous Rocks

Formed from cooled and solidified molten rock

Igneous Rocks

Extrusive igneous rocks: formed from magma erupted onto the surface

Igneous Rocks

Intrusive igneous rocks: formed from slowly cooled magma underground

How are igneous rocks classified?

1. Based on their mineral composition and texture
2. Based on their hardness and density
3. Based on their color and shape
4. Based on their age and location

Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

1. Limestone
2. Shale
3. Sandstone
4. Granite

What is the definition of an igneous rock?

1. A rock formed by the compression of sediment
2. A rock formed by the solidification of molten material
3. A rock formed by weathering and erosion
4. A rock formed by the metamorphism of preexisting rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

• Formed from the remains of other rocks and have layered grains
• Formation process includes transport, deposition, sedimentation, compaction, and cementation

What is the most common type of sedimentary rock?

1. Limestone
2. Quartzite
3. Shale
4. Gneiss

Which type of rock is formed by the accumulation of organic remains?

1. Coal
2. Basalt
3. Marble
4. Granite

What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?

1. Erosion and weathering
2. Folding and faulting
3. Compaction and cementation
4. Melting and solidification

Metamorphic Rocks

• Formed from other rocks that change due to heat or pressure
• Undergo transformation process

What is the characteristic texture of foliated metamorphic rocks?

1. Porous
2. Crystalline
3. Glassy
4. Layered or banded

Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphic rock?

1. Marble
2. Schist
3. Slate
4. Igneous rock

What is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed?

1. Deposition and compaction
2. Melting and solidification
3. Weathering and erosion
4. Heat and pressure

Scientific Classification of Rocks

• Rocks classified based on features like color, size, crystal or grain arrangement, cracks, layering, hardness, chemical reactions, and presence of fossils
• Three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Definition List

• Igneous rocks: Formed from cooled and solidified molten rock
• Sedimentary rocks: Formed from the remains of other rocks and have layered grains
• Metamorphic rocks: Formed from other rocks that change due to heat or pressure
• Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from magma erupted onto the surface
• Intrusive igneous rocks: Formed from slowly cooled magma underground
• Transport, deposition, sedimentation, compaction, and cementation: The processes that form sedimentary rocks

Homework

Creating a field notebook

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Now I think...

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Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

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Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

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