2.1 - Russian Revolution

2.1 - Russian Revolution
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This lesson contains 16 slides, with text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 40 min

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2.1 - Russian Revolution

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Industrial society
- Social class society -> Largest group was working class who were dependent on the factory owners

- Factories are competitive -> salaries low -> working class poor -> factory owners rich

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Solution inequality = socialism


Founder Karl Marx with his book Das Kapital

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Socialism
- kapitalism creates inequality

- Working class will revolt against inequality -> labourers wil win this war of the social classes and abolish private property -> no private property = no inequality

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Within socialism 2 movements
Social democracy
Communism

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Social democracy
- Moderate movement -> no violence to achieve goal -> reach goal through government

- Trying to add socialist laws 
-> through politics -> now: PVDA

- Debolish all private property also not needed

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Communism
- Radical movement -> achieve goal through violence/revolt

- Debolish all private property in order to abolish social class sysyem

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1st communist revolution
Russian Revolution 1917

Whole of Europe and the world in shock

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Rusland before 1917
- 1900 Russia full of argiculture, almost no industrialisation -> Most of the farming land in hands of rich noble families -> Farmers bad social position and poor

- Russia is no democracy -> The Romanov family in charge for centuries -> absolutism with no room for critique -> secret police keeping a close eye on dissidents

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Dissatisfaction Russian people
Dissatisfaction -> increased due to losing war with Japan 1905 -> The people want change and a voice -> 
Protest in capital St. Petersburg for more political freedom -> reaction of the Tsar was violence -> 10.000 dead -> start of the duma (parliament with limited power)

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Russia in WWI
Massive losses in WWI -> millions of Russian casualties  -> many farmers in the army -> food shortage Russia  -> Demonstrations and strikes -> start Russian Revolution

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Russian Revolution 1917 in 3 phases
February revolution
Oktober revolution 
Civil war

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February revolution
- february 1917

- Army and Duma (parliament) no longer support the Tsar (Russian for king) -> Tsar Nicolas II steps down -> temporary new government -> they want to stop fighting in WWI but don't have enough support in governememt

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Oktober revolution
- Bolsheviks = Russian communists -> leader Vladimir Lenin -> radical demands: all farming land to the farmers, all the factories to labourers and peace with Germany -> no democracy but labourers and soldiers governing themselves in committees called soviets
- The Romanov family gets killed
- Bolsheviks don't have support from everyone -> but they proceed and replace the temporary government anyway

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Civil war
- Lenin calls a truce with Germany in December 1917 -> peace of Brest-Litovsk March 1918
- Many Russians happy with end WWI but don't want communism -> civil war between bolsheviks (communists) en de 'Whites' (tegenstanders)
- The Bolsheviks win in 1922
- After Civil war start of the Soviet Union -> one party state (Communist Party)

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Beginning of Soviet Union 1922

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