English 3: Word classes

• Engels
• Secundair onderwijs

write along >> take notes!

nouns

>> words that name something: 

• person (Sam)
• place (Antwerp)
• thing (Cat)
• idea (Love)

Name the noun (person) :
"Jimmy is upset."

1. Jimmy
2. is
3. upset
4. there is no noun

Name the noun (idea):
"What did the president do this time?"

1. what
2. president
3. time
4. the

Name the noun (thing):
"My mother cooked dinner for me."

1. dinner
2. cooked
3. mother
4. already

Name the noun (place):
"This is my bedroom."

1. this
2. is
3. my
4. bedroom

Name the noun (place):
"The Alpes are beautiful this time of year."

1. year
2. beautiful
3. Alpes
4. year

nouns: things

nouns: concepts

or ideas

nouns: activity 

or process

nouns: imaginary or

hypothetical things

shoes

books

wizards

swimming

walking

freedom

respect

fairies

verbs

• represent actions or states of being 
• the only word class that is absolutely necessary in a sentence
• conjugated to explain when an action takes place (past, present, or future) >>He is - was
• combined with auxiliaries >> He has moved

write down verbs that
describe
an ACTION

give some verbs
that describe a state of being

adjectives

• describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast,... 

• describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven,...

attributive adjectives

immediately before the noun they describe

>> The old man came home.

>> The young boy broke a window.

predicative adjectives

follow the verb "to be"

>> The man is old.

>> The boy is young.

absolute - comparative - superlative

The cool girl from school >> absolute

The cooler girl from school >> comparative

The coolest girl from school >> superlative

This is an awful situation >> absolute 

This is a more awful situation >> comparative 

This is the most awful situation >> superlative

Name the type of adjective:
"That silly girl forgot her books at the park."

1. attributive
2. predicative

Name the type of adjective:
"My sweater is blue!"

1. predicative
2. attributive

Name the type of adjective:
"The weather is really fine today!"

1. attributive
2. predicative

Name the type of adjective:
"What beautiful weather we're having today!"

1. predicative
2. attributive

Name the adjective(s):
"My blue cotton sweater is very warm."

1. large
2. blue
3. very
4. warm

Name the adjective(s):
"The largest mountains are always difficult to climb."

1. largest
2. climb
3. difficult
4. always

give the superlative of:
"hot"

give the comparative of:
"pretty"

give the superlative of:
"popular"

give the comparative of:
"difficult"

adverbs

• modify or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
• they give more details about the word they describe: WHEN - WHERE - HOW
• usually—but not always—end in -ly.

adverbs that modify a verb

You sing loudly.

>> sing = verb

how do you sing >> loudly

He runs fast!

>> runs = verb

how does he run >> fast

adverbs that modify an adjective

The lake is quite beautiful.

>> lake =noun & beautiful = adjective

>> quite = modifies the adjective

Is the music too loud?

>> music = noun & loud = adjective

>> too = modifies the adjective

adverbs that modify an adverb

The music is way too loud!

how loud is the music >> too loud (adverb 1)

how much too loud >> way too loud (adverb 2)

He runs very fast.

how does he run >> fast (adverb 1)

how fast >> very fast (adverb 2)

more examples

examples of adverbs ending in -(l)y

very, entirely, barely, slightly, totally, incredibly, mostly, fully, really...

other examples

always, almost, too, fast, never, seldom, quite, below, downstairs, somewhere...

from adjective to adverb

types of adverbs

MANNER (how?)

quickly, loudly,...

DEGREE (how intensely?)

extremely, absolutely, slightly, quite, enough, very,...

FREQUENCY & TIME (how often / when?)

always, yesterday, never, often, seldom, today,...

PLACE & MOVEMENT (where(to)?)

below, between, nowhere, forwards, under, inside,...

finding the adverb

first >> find the verb = where is the action?

adverbs specify the activity of the verb:

= where, when, how does the action (= verb) happen?

Annie quickly walked across the street.

what is the verb? 

= Annie walked

next:

HOW?

WHERE?

WHEN?

>> quickly

Tom played the guitar yesterday.

what is the verb? 

= Tom played

next:

HOW?

WHERE?

WHEN?

>> yesterday

you find on Classroom:

a list of adverbs of manner, place and time (or frequency)

HOW

WHEN

WHERE

HOW OFTEN

yearly

Adverb of time

Adverb of manner

Adverb of place

Adverb of frequency

very

yesterday

everywhere

almost

soon

slightly

inside

often

adjectives

adverbs

quick

sleepy

quickly

sleepily

early

dark

yellow

yellowy

rarely

Our visit to Namen was very exciting!

"exciting" is an

1. adjective
2. adverb

The class is never enthusiastic about her LessonUps.
"never" is an...

1. adjective
2. adverb

John is a good singer.

"good" is an...

1. adjective
2. adverb

What a dreadful place!

"place" is

1. a noun
2. a verb
3. an adjective
4. an adverb

What a dreadful place!

"dreadful" is...

1. a noun
2. a verb
3. an adjective
4. an adverb

You must come really quickly!

"quickly" is

1. a noun
2. a verb
3. an adjective
4. an adverb

They ran away really quickly!

"really" is

1. a noun
2. a verb
3. an adjective
4. an adverb

The attractions were terribly dirty.

"dirty" is

1. a noun
2. a verb
3. an adjective
4. an adverb