Y2_T3_LSN_Overview T3

• Science
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Get ready

• Your Macbook (go to classroom)

Topic 3

ORGANIZING THE WORLD

Plan for today

• Quiz T3.1 - 3.3 discussion
• Overview Topic 3

Discussion Quiz T3.1 - 3.3

Open classroom and check the test/answers

Questions? Points? Type of questions?

Raise your hand!

Get ready

• Your Macbook (join the LessonUp)
• Your notebook.
• Your textbook.
• Pen & highlighter

3.1 Organ systems

Learning goals

I can....

• describe how organs work together in organ systems
• list the organs belonging to the different organ systems
• describe the general function of each organ in the different organ systems

rectum

liver

mouth

stomach

oesophagus

large intestine

small intestine

Skeletal System

Provides:

- support

- movement

- protection

- blood cell production 

Organs: skull, pelvis, ribs, vertebrae

Respiratory System

Provides:

- ventilation

- gas exchange

- respiration

Organs: lungs, nose, mouth, windpipe

Muscular System

Provides:

- support 

- movement

muscles can only contract or relax, they work in antagonistic pairs

Organs: biceps, triceps, hamstrings

Reproductive System

Provides:

- Reproductive hormones

- Reproductive cells

These are different for both male and females. 

Organs: ovaries, uterus, testicles & penis

3.2 The Circulatory system

Learning goals

I can....

• describe the general components of a transport system and why they are important.
• describe the different types of blood vessels and their differences.
• list the parts of the heart.
• list the path of the blood flow through the heart.
• list the different components of blood and their functions.

Circulatory System

Provides your body with the transport of oxygen and nutrients around the body. 

Organs: heart, veins, arteries and capillaries 

How does this transport takes place?

By means of a pump (the heart).

This pump is connected to a large system of tubes that run all through the body. (bloodvessels).

Blood

Blood is made out of the following things:

• Plasma:                           Water, nutrients, hormones, waste products
• Red blood cells:          Hemoglobin for oxygen transport
• White blood cells:      Defense against pathogens
• Platelets:                        Helps to stop bleeding

3.3 The Heart

Learning goals

I can....

• describe how the electrical signal travels through the heart and causes the three phases of the cardiac cycle.
• describe how blood pressure is created by the heart.
• follow the path of the blood through the circulatory system.
• name the arteries and veins based on the organs they are connected to.
• describe the role of the valves in the heart and how they create the heart tones.
• describe how blockages in the circulatory system can cause major problems for the body.  

Aorta

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

vena cava

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

tricuspid valve

aortic  valve

mitral valve

pulmonary valve

septum

apex

The Phases of the cardiac cycle

• Atria contract → first peak, before the large peak

Pushes blood into the ventricles

• Ventricles contract → large peak

Pushes blood out of the heart

• Rest → last peak, after the large peak

Muscle relaxes, blood flows into the atria

What controls it.

Nerve cells in the right atrium produce electrical signals

Signal reaches both atria → contract

Signal runs down the wall and up the sides → ventricles contract → highest blood pressure

Moment without signal → rest → lowest blood pressure

Names of blood vessels

Arteries: 

named after the organ they go to

Veins: 

named after the organ they come from

Special mention: for the portal vein. 

Goes from the intestine to the liver. 

(Liver filters the blood)

Problems with the heart

Clots form and block the vessel

In the coronary artery → heart attack

In the brain → stroke

3.4 The Nervous system

Learning goals

I can....

• explain the function of the nervous system
• describe the components of the central nervous system 
• explain the process wherein the nervous system detects information from the environment and reacts to it
• describe the functions of the three different types of

neurons 

Your nervous system

Your nervous system is your bodies fast communication system:

• Your CNS - Central nervous system (control system)
• Your PNS - Peripheral nervous system (routers)

Signals

When your body observes stimuli from it's environment, the following cycle happens:

• PNS - Your body receives a stimuli (senses)
• CNS - Your brain/spinal cord coordinates a response.
• PNS - Muscles / glands create a response

Neurones - Wires

Our body has 3 types of neurones:

• sensory neurones - connects senses to the CNS
• interneurones - the neurones within the CNS
• motor neurones - connects the CNS to the effectors

3.5 The Spinal Cord

Learning goals

I can....

• explain how reflexes are different than a normal nervous system response.
• follow the chain of events that take place during a reflex arc.
• explain how impulses are passed from one neuron to the next.
• explain the function of neurotransmitters in spreading impulses.
• describe how drugs can connect to receptors and disturb impulses.

Reflexes

A reflex is also a response of your body, but then using your spinal cord as a coordinator instead of a your brain:

• this is often used in cases of emergency

Synapses

Synapses are connections in your nervous system that use chemicals in stead of electricity:

• synapses work with a chemical called neurotransmitters
• the bag that holds the neurotransmitter is called a vessicle

Homework

• Study for test (in 2 weeks) 
• Prepare presentations (next week)