Direct & indirect speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Directe & Indirecte Rede

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech gebruiken we om letterlijk weer te geven wat iemand heeft gezegd. Indirect speech (Reported speech) gebruiken we om te beschrijven wat iemand heeft gezegd.  Je gebruikt dan steeds de verleden tijd van de Direct Speech.

Voorbeelden:

• Direct speech: Sheila said: “I love mysteries.” 
• Indirect speech: Sheila said that she loved mysteries.
• Direct speech: “I was at a party last night.”
• Indirect speech: He told me that he had been at a party the night before.

LET OP:

Begin met een inleiding, bijvoorbeeld: She said that…, They asked if… etc.

Verander waar nodig verwijzingen (voornaamwoorden, tijdsbepalingen etc.)

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Voorbeelden van de tijden

Present simple – past simple:

Direct speech: “I spend a lot of time there.”

Indirect speech: Jim said that he spent a lot of time there. 

Present continuous – past continuous:

Direct speech: “We are working on it.”

Indirect speech: They said that they were working on it.

Past simple – past perfect:

Direct speech: “I saw you guys on the beach yesterday.”

Indirect speech: Jake said that he had seen us on the beach yesterday.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Voorbeelden van de tijden

Present perfect – past perfect:

Direct speech: “Have you ever seen anything strange?”

Indirect speech: The boys asked me if I had ever seen anything strange.

Future (will) – would:

Direct speech: “I’ll / will meet you guys later.”

Indirect speech: Sheila said that she would meet us later.

Indirect Speech bij vragen: waarop letten?

- Bij een vraag in de indirecte rede: geen vraagteken. 

- Bij geen vragend voornaamwoord (who, what, how, etc.) in de vraag: gebruik if of whether in plaats van "that". 

-  Gebruik geen "do" in vragen in de indirecte rede. 

- Onderwerp en werkwoord wisselen niet van plaats.

Voorbeelden:

Mary asked, "can I join?" -- She asked if/whether she could join

John asked, "what do I need to do?" -- John asked what he needed to do ("do" is weg)

Judith asked, "do you read books?" -- Judith asked if I read books ("do" is weg)

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Bepalingen van Plaats en Tijd:

Wanneer bepalingen van plaats en tijd in de zin staan, veranderen deze ook.

Voorbeelden:

today -- that day

now -- then

yesterday -- the day before

tomorrow -- the next day / the following day

here -- there

this -- that

these -- those

last night -- the night before

Commando's:

- not) to + infinitief.

- ww = ask of tell; tell is een sterker commando

Voorbeeld:

"Go away," he said -- He asked me to go away (verzoek) / He told me to go away (commando)

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Exercise 1

Change the direct speech into inderict (reported) speech. Write down all sentences in your exercise book.

1. “He works in a bank.” - She said ...
2. “We went out last night.” - She told me ...
3. “I’m coming home now!” - She said ...
4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.” - She told me ...
5. “ I’d never been there before.” - She said ...

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Answers exercise 1 

1. She said that he worked in a bank.
   
2. She told me that they had gone out last night / the night before.
   
3. She said that she was coming home then.
   
4. She told me that she had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
   
5. She said that she had never been there before.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Exercise 2

Change the direct speech into indirect (reported) speech. Write down all sentences in your exercise book.

1. “I didn’t go to the party.” - She told me ...
2. “Lucy’ll come later.” - She said ...
3. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast.” - She told me ...
4. “I can help you tomorrow.” - She said ...
5. “You should go to bed early.” - She told me ...

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Answers exercise 2

1. She told me that she hadn't gone to the party.
   
2. She said that Lucy would come later.
   
3. She told me that he hadn't eaten breakfast.
   
4. She said that she could help me tomorrow.
   
5. *She told me that I should go to bed early.

Let op: De werkwoorden could, should, would, might, must, needn't, ought to en used to veranderen niet.

How did you do the exercises?