CH4 sec. 4.3 The Netherlands in 1848

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH4 The age of citizens and steam engines

The Industrial Revolution

sec. 4.3 The Netherlands in 1848

Industrial Revolution

1750-1850

A major turning point in world history

Learning objectives

• You can name certain important characteristics of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1848.
• You can explain how the Netherlands was governed between 1815 and 1848.
  
• You can explain what ideals the liberals had in terms of politics.
  
• You can explain what ideals the liberals had in terms of economics.
• You can explain why a new constitution was introduced in 1848.
• You can explain what changed in the administration in 1848.
  
• You  know the terms and dates of this section.
  

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Different Dutch states

• 1588-1795 Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
• 1795-1801 Batavian Republic
• 1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth
• 1806-1810 Kingdom of Holland
• 1810-1813 Part of the French Empire
• 1813-1815 Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
• 1815-present Kingdom of the Netherlands

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1815 Battle of Waterloo > Napoleon defeated 

1814-15 Congress of Vienna

Victorious countries redrew map of Europe. 

They were conservative. Against new revolutionary ideas about freedom, equality and brotherhood. They wanted to go back to the time when kings and nobles were in power.

Wanted a strong state north of France.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1795 Stadholder Willem V fled to England.

1813 Return of Willem VI = the later Willem I

1815 Kingdom of the Netherlands, ruled by king Willem I of Oranje-Nassau.

Included the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

1830 Belgian Revolt. Belgium becomes independent.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1815 Kingdom of the Netherlands became a constitutional monarchy. 

King is limited by the rules of the constitution.

King Willem I (1815-1840) ruled as an autocrat. He was a conservative. Against political change (ideas about participation and freedom).

The kingdom was not a democracy.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

The rule of king Willem I 

• appointed and dismissed ministers
• decided on laws without asking approval of parliament (Upper House and Lower House)
• appointed members of the Upper House
• members of Lower House were not elected by the people, but by provincial administrators, who were themselves elected by the nobility/local administrators. 

Many MPs were just as conservative as the king. Didn't wany any public influence.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch economy of the first half of 19th century

• agriculture
• commerce
• other non-industrial activities

No large scale industry yet. No class of poor factory workers, but many poor people.

Dependent on charity for food and clothing (churches and wealthy citizens). Government didn't help.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Especially the North (present-day Netherlands) was poor and underdeveloped. The South (present-day Belgium) industrialized first.

King Willem I wanted to revive economy

Infrastructure improved. 

• canals dug
• roads constructed
• railroads built

1839 first steam train Haarlem-Amsterdam.

Which present-day countries did the United Kingdom of the Netherlands consist of?

1. Belgium, Cologne, Netherlands
2. Cologne, Luxemburg, Netherlands
3. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands

What matches a constitutional monarchy?

1. absolutism
2. dictatorship
3. king's power is limited by the constitution
4. king's power is limited by the nobility

Put in the correct sequence (old to new)
1) Belgian Revolt leads to the Belgian separation from the Netherlands
2) First steam train ran between Haarlem and Amsterdam
3) Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
4) William I becomes king of the kingdom of the United Netherlands

1. 1, 3, 4, 2
2. 1, 4, 2, 3
3. 3, 1, 4, 2
4. 3, 4, 1, 2

The liberals

Enlightenment and French Revolution had led to new political movement: liberalism

• Represented the bourgeoisie (rich citizens)
• Fundamental rights (freedom of speech and participation in administration)
  
  
• Right to vote for men who owned property (only rich men)
• Government's only duty is to ensure safety.
• Economic freedom (capitalism), fewer rules and regulations would make economy grow.

Constitution of 1848

King William II (1840-1849) was more modern than William I.

In 1848 revolution broke out in France and in other European countries there were protests as well.

King William II was afraid of violence and radical reform. Commisioned Thorbecke to draft a new constitution. Renewal of administration. King remained on the throne, but lost power.

Constitution of 1848

Changes in revised constitution of 1848

• Plans for new laws and expenditures on important matters had to be approved by parliament. 
• Governing was the ministers' duty and the minister was accountable (ministerial responsibility), not the king.
• Not the king, but parliament (Upper and Lower House) checked ministers'  work.
• Upper House members were no longer appointed by the king.
• Lower House members were elected every four years by  a small group of rich men. They received the right to vote (limited suffrage). The Netherlands wasn't a true democracy yet.

The Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy: a democracy in which an elected parliament is the highest authority, not the king.

What doesn't match the government of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1848?

1. governing was the ministers' duty and the minister was accountable
2. king decided on laws without asking approval of parliament
3. king appointed and dismissed ministers
4. king appointed members of the Upper House

What doesn't match the government of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1848?

1. parliament monitored decisions taken by the government
2. king decided on laws without asking approval of parliament
3. king was limited by the rules of the constitution
4. king appointed members of the Lower House

What doesn't match the government of the Netherlands after 1848?

1. governing was the ministers' duty and the minister was accountable
2. Lower house was elected by rich citizens
3. parliament checked ministers' work
4. Upper house was appointed by the king

What doesn't match the government of the Netherlands after 1848?

1. king decided on laws without asking approval of parliament
2. plans for new laws had to be approved by parliament
3. the Netherlands was a constitutional monarchy
4. the Netherlands was a parliamentary democracy

Learning objectives

• You can name certain important characteristics of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1848.
• You can explain how the Netherlands was governed between 1815 and 1848.
  
• You can explain what ideals the liberals had in terms of politics.
  
• You can explain what ideals the liberals had in terms of economics.
• You can explain why a new constitution was introduced in 1848.
• You can explain what changed in the administration in 1848.
  
• You  know the terms and dates of this section.
  

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.