Grammar 4V

• Engels
• Voortgezet speciaal onderwijs

Grammar Topics

- Verb tenses

- Irregular Verbs

- The Passive Voice

- Conditionals

- Relative Clauses

Grammar assignment!!

- own individual task

- at home or use lessons in first week of April

Verb tenses: Last week he ...(to order) a delivery for Tuesday.

1. ordered
2. had ordered
3. orders
4. has ordered

you (to work) out recently?

1. have you been working
2. did you work
3. will you work out
4. are you working

Nowadays, I (to read) nearly every day.

1. I am reading
2. I will read
3. I have read
4. I read

I hope it ....(to stop) raining by the end of this week.

1. will stop
2. is going to stop
3. will have stopped
4. had stopped

Wat is er typisch voor een voltooide tijd?

Geef drie voorbeelden van signaalwoorden voor een voltooide tijd

The PASSIVE VOICE

= lijdende vorm

<-> ACTIVE VOICE (actieve vorm)

I eat a cookie

Active or Passive?

onderwerp voert actie uit van pv = active

a cookie is eaten by me

- lijdend voorwerp van actieve zin wordt nu onderwerp

- onderwerp van actieve zin wordt nu handelende persoon

- WW: vorm van TO BE + voltooid deelwoord

make passive: I read a book.

voorwerp nodig!

He gives his girlfriend a ring.

Make passive: Our cat eats little birds.

My father sold the car two days ago.

Kate has eaten my sandwich.

The police caught the thief.

They built this house a few years ago.

Mary is buying a new computer now.

He paints his room every year.

Make passive: By this summer, she will have studied Spanish for three years already.

1. Spanish will be studied
2. Spanish will have been studied
3. Spanish will be studying
4. Spanish will have been studying

Conditionals

if-zinnen / voorwaardelijke bijzinnen

Als het regent, word ik nat.

If it rains, I will get wet.

write down at least three examples from all song lyrics for all types

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naj934fqrq0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNLhSz81zoY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6-IuSGf09M

write down at least two movie examples

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naj934fqrq0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJF9Gb3dGbc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnONBkEQUU0

structures

type 1: 

Subclause                       Main clause

present simple                           will+ww

type 2:

Subclause               Main clause

past simple                            would+ww

type 3:

Subclause                        Main clause

                               past perfect                      would have + past participle

If the students had been late for the exam, they .... (not/to pass)

1. will not pass
2. would not pass
3. wouldn't have passed
4. hadn't passed

If she ...(to have) her laptop with her, she would email me.

1. has
2. had
3. will have
4. had had

If she doesn't go to the meeting, I ...( not/to go) either.

1. will not go
2. would not go
3. wouldn't have gone
4. didn't go

If I don't go to bed soon, I ...(to be) tired in the afternoon.

1. will be
2. would be
3. am
4. would have been

If we had tidied our flat, we ...(not / to lose) our keys.

1. will not lose
2. would not lose
3. wouldn't have lost
4. hadn't lost

If you...(to arrive) earlier, it would be less stressful.

1. arrive
2. will arrive
3. had arrived
4. arrived

Relative Clauses

Elephants that love mice are very unusual

= Betrekkelijke bijzinnen

Hoofdzin = Main clause

Bijzin = Subclause

Antecedent

Relative pronoun

1. Restrictive or Defining Relative Clauses

Elephants that love mice are very unusual.

The contents of the Subclause is ....

you cannot use ...

fixed set of relative pronouns

examples

• A clown is someone who makes you laugh.

• An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.

• Has anyone seen the book I was reading?

• Let’s go to a country where the sun always shines.

2. non-defining or non-restrictive relative clauses

1. Elephants that love mice are very unusual. 

2. Elephants, which are large and grey, can sometimes be found in zoos. 

So...

The information in these clauses is………………………………………. It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it.

Non-defining relative clauses are always ………………………………………………………………………………………...

Examples

1. My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England.

2. We stopped at the museum, which we’d never been into.

3. She’s studying maths, which many people hate.

4. I’ve just met Susan, whose husband works in London.

5. He had thousands of books, most of which he had read

Watch out!!

1. In non-defining clauses, you cannot use ‘that’ instead of who, whom or which.

2. You cannot leave out the relative pronoun

He gave me the letter, which was in a blue envelope.

He gave me the letter, which I read immediately

Who or Whom?

It was Thomas Jefferson, who was the third president of the United States. 

John is the man whom I kissed on a party. 

John is the man whom I went fishing with last summer.

rule

RULE:

Als het antecedent …………………………………………………………………

1. This is the book …. Tom gave me.

1. that
2. which
3. whom
4. who

There’s the teacher … gives me piano lessons.

1. whom
2. which
3. that
4. who

The man … car was stolen was very angry

1. which
2. that
3. whose
4. whom