Test week period 2

Test week
Units 2, 3, 5, 8
Unit 2: Narrative tenses, used to and would
Unit 3: Past simple vs present perfect, Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
Unit 5: first and second conditionals, Modals of obligation, permission, and prohibition, should and ought to
Unit 8: Third conditional, speculating about the past

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EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 38 slides, with text slides.

Items in this lesson

Test week
Units 2, 3, 5, 8
Unit 2: Narrative tenses, used to and would
Unit 3: Past simple vs present perfect, Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
Unit 5: first and second conditionals, Modals of obligation, permission, and prohibition, should and ought to
Unit 8: Third conditional, speculating about the past

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Unit 2
Narrative tenses

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Narrative tenses
Narrative = story
Tenses = times you indicate with your verbs

Narrative tenses = tenses that you use to tell a story


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Narrative Tenses
Narrative tenses are used to tell a story or talk about events in the past.

Past simple: state and actions at a definite time in the past. ( Main events)
                                       I left university in 2010.
Past continuous: Things that were going on in the past. ( Background info)
                                      I was walking down the street when I suddenly heard a
                                      loud noise.
Past Perfect: to make clear that one action happened before another.
                                      I didn't have any money because I had lost my wallet.

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Narrative tenses

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Unit 2
Used to and would

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habits and repeated actions
states
things that happened once
used to
x
x
would
x
past simple
x
x
x
    I used to love energy drinks when I was 16
X I would love energy drinks when I was 16
X One day in September when I was 16 I used to have an energy drink


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Unit 3
Past simple vs present perfect

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Past Simple
What
Past simple
When
To say that something happened in the past.
How/Form
Add –ed OR an irregular form.
Signal words
Yesterday, last week, last month, two days ago, four days ago, months ago, a second ago, etc.
Examples
He walked her home last night.
I talked to him on the phone yesterday.
She tried to close her book but a fly got caught in between the pages.

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Present perfect

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Present Perfect
When do we use the Present Perfect?
1. Iets is in het verleden begonnen en is nu nog aan de gang.  

VB.  Ethan has known Sam for three years.
2. Te praten over ervaringen tot nu toe.

VB. I have never eaten Sushi. 
3. Iets is is het verleden gebeurd en het resultaat is nu merkbaar. 

VB.  We've washed the car so now it's clean again.

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Present perfect vs Past simple
We use the present perfect to talk about an experience at any time in the past. The exact time it happened is not inportant.
Have you ever tried herring?

We use the past simple to talk about a specific occasion in the past.
I talked to my friend last night.

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Signal words
To identify the past simple look for time expressions. Last night, yesterday, two weeks ago, in 2020, etc.

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Unit 3
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

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Present perfect continuous
De present perfect continuous maak je als volgt:
has / have (not) been + infinitief (hele werkwoord) + ing. 

We have been studying all day.

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Grammar explanation

Je gebruikt deze tijd om aan te geven dat iets is begonnen in het verleden en nu nog voortduurt: I have been playing fortnight all morning.

Je gebruikt de present perfect continuous als je wilt benadrukken dat je vindt dat iets al lang aan de gang is, of om te benadrukken dat iets nog niet afgerond is:  This quarantine has been going on since March.

 Je gebruikt de present perfect continuous ook als iets ‘de laatste tijd’ vaker gebeurt: The sun has been shining a lot lately.

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Verschil present perfect en present perfect continuous
De present perfect en de present perfect continuous lijken veel op elkaar. Het is dan ook niet gek dat er soms verwarring ontstaat bij het gebruik van deze tijden.

Het grootste verschil heeft te maken met de afronding en invloed van de beschreven actie. De present perfect wordt vooral gebruikt bij acties die afgelopen zijn, maar nog wel invloed hebben op het hier en nu. De present perfect continuous gaat vooral over acties die nog steeds voortduren.

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EXAMPLE
 present perfect simple & present perfect continuous:
I’ve been decorating the house this summer (P.P.C).
Nadruk: tijdsduur

I’ve painted the house blue (P.P).
Nadruk: resultaat

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Unit 5
First and second conditionals

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Conditionals

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Conditionals

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Unit 5
Modals of obligation, permission, and prohibition

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Modals

Must = Moet

Have to = Moet
Can = Kan
May = Mag


Must not/mustn't = niet verplicht
Don't/doesn't have to = Hoeft niet, (Maar is aangeraden!!)
Can't/cannot = Niet mogelijk
May not = mag niet

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Unit 5
Should and ought to

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modals : should (ought to)
past:  should/ ought to  have + past participle

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'iets (eigenlijk) zou moeten'
- should + hele werkwoord:
You should talk to the authorities about this. 

- ought to + hele werkwoord: 
You really ought to know. 

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Verschil ought to - should 
Dit verschil is KLEIN. 


SHOULD
OUGHT TO: 
Informeel
Formeel
Minder sterk
Sterker 
Advies aan jezelf of mensen die je goed kent
Advies vanuit autoriteiten etc. 

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Should / ought to
* Ought to is formeel en de betekenis is iets sterker.

Should/ought to - zou(den) eigenlijk moeten

Should/ought to + hele WW
You should eat fruit every day. 
They ought to do their homework more often.

Should not - zou(den) eigenlijk niet moeten
Shouldn't + hele WW
You shouldn't eat too much sugar.


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Unit 8
Third conditional

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Third Conditional
Vorm: bij de third conditional gebruik je verschillende tijden in de twee zinsdelen. Bij if gebruik je de Past Perfect en in het andere zinsdeel would have + een voltooid deelwoord.

Gebruik: voor zaken die absoluut niet gebeurd zijn in het verleden.

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Third conditional
IF 
had bought 
(past perfect)

THEN 
would not have peed
(would have + 3e rijtje ww)

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Unit 8B- p96
Main clause
Result clause
Verbs
if I put ice in the sun
it melts
present simple + present simple
if I eat cake
I will get sick
present simple + will
if I studied
I would pass the test
past simple + would
if I had studied
I would have passed the test
past perfect + would present perfect

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Unit 8
Speculating about the past

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6.3 Speculating about the past
We use the words could have / might have, must have, can´t have to speculate about the past.
They are always followed by a past participle (3rd form).

Where is my phone? I must have left it somewhere. I can´t have left it at school -- I didn´t take it there. My sister might have picked it up.

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Speculating about the past.
Modal + have + past participle (3rd verb from).

He must have missed his train.
John could have seen her.
Sarah might have gone on ahead.
He may have eaten the cake.
Florence should have been here.
I would have done that differently.

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Speculating about the
 past


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