Unit 2 - all grammar

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

welcome!

Inhoud

• grammar lesson 1-6
• REF 1-11
• irregular verbs

(L1) past simple & pr. perfect

past simple = verleden tijd (afgerond in verleden)

• signaalwoorden: last week, yesterday, two years ago, when I was 5
• regelm. ww: + ed  work > worked          I saw him yesterday./ I worked there.
• onregelm. ww:  see - saw - seen,  do - did - done     = 2e RIJTJE
• + I saw him. / - I didn't see him. / ? Did you see him?

present perfect = verleden begonnen, nog bezig / resultaat in heden

• signaalwoorden: since/for, yet/just/already, ever/never/always
• have/has + vt.dw.               I have worked here for 3 weeks./ I've done my hw.
• vt.dw. = reg: +ed (worked) / onr.: to do - did - done    = 3e RIJTJE
• + I have seen him. / - I haven't seen him. / ? Have you seen him?

(L2) past: simple + continuous

past simple = verleden tijd (afgerond in verleden) > kort moment

• signaalwoorden: yesterday, etc., when..   When the tree fell, I was walking the dog.
• regelm. ww: + ed  work > worked          I saw him yesterday./ I worked there.
• onregelm. ww:  see - saw - seen,  do - did - done     = 2e RIJTJE
• + I saw him. / - I didn't see him. / ? Did you see him?

past continuous = verleden tijd (afgerond in verleden) > langer moment

• signaalwoorden: while/when..     While/When I was walking the dog, the tree suddenly fell.
• was/were +  -ing               I was doing my homework all night. / We were traveling
• + I was walking. / - I wasn't walking. / ? Were you walking?
• = Handeling die aan de gang was in het verleden, simle = gebeurde tijdens handeling

(L3) past simple & pr. perfect - H

past simple = verleden tijd (afgerond in verleden)

• signaalwoorden: last week, yesterday, two years ago, when I was 5
• regelm. ww: + ed  work > worked          I saw him yesterday./ I worked there.
• onregelm. ww:  see - saw - seen,  do - did - done     = 2e RIJTJE
• + I saw him. / - I didn't see him. / ? Did you see him?

present perfect = verleden begonnen, nog bezig / resultaat in heden

• signaalwoorden: since/for, yet/just/already, ever/never/always
• have/has + vt.dw.               I have worked here for 3 weeks./ I've done my hw.
• vt.dw. = reg: +ed (worked) / onr.: to do - did - done    = 3e RIJTJE
• + I have seen him. / - I haven't seen him. / ? Have you seen him?

(L4) comparisons

                    leuk                   leuker                                 het leukst

 1 LG            nice                 nicer   (than)                   the nicest

                     high                higher (than)                   the hightes

2 LG           busy               busier (than)                    the busiest

                    tired                 more tired (than)           most tired

3+ LG        beautiful        more beautiful (than)     most beautiful

ONR          good                  better (than)                   the best

                    bad                    worse (than)                  the worst

even als: as .... as

niet zo als: not as ... as

                    

(L4) adjectives + adverbs

Adjective = bijv.naamw.

- zegt iets over zelfst.naamw.

- getal > streepje: 8-year-old boy

Adverb = bijwoord

- zegt HOE iets gebeurt:

> ww / bnw / ander bw / zin

- meestal -ly (nice > nicely)

- soms -ily (happy > happily)

- uitzondering! good > well

(L5) - direct + indirect speech

direct speech (moment zelf)

- 'Why are my parents always talking about my school marks?'                                         (me, last week)

indirect speech (achteraf)

- (Last week) I wondered why my parents were always talking about my school marks. (me, now)

are > were (present > past)

ex. 35, no. 1

'I'm not sure I'll ever forget the first meeting with..'

--> am > was, dus: 

Michael said he wasn't sure he would ever forget the first..

(L5) negatives

Making negative sentences

• present

She is - she isn't

I have - I haven't

Kan niet? > hulpww. do:  I/you/we/they don't - she/she/it doesn't 

VB: I go - I don't go

• past

She was - she wasn't

Kan niet? > hulpww. do: didn't      VB: I didn't go

(L6) past: simple + perfect

Past simple

- afgerond, verleden tijd: regelm. + ed / onr. 2e rijtje (do - did - done)

Past perfect

- in verleden, voor andere geb. verleden: had + vt.dw. (= regelm. + ed / onr. 3e rijtje: do - did -done)

Difference:

When you saw (ps) me yesterday, I had already done (pp)my homework.

REF 1-11 (1/2)

present simple   - feiten, regelmatig - stam (+s)    -    I often watch TV

present cont.    -   nu bezig   -  am/are/is + ing    - I am talking right now

past simple  -  verleden (afgerond)   - ed/irr.   -   We walked/saw

past cont.    -   verleden (aan de gang)  -  was/were + ing  -   We were talking

pres. perf.  -  verleden begonnen, nog bezig - have/has + vtdw - I've worked

pres. perf. cont. - " + nadruk hoe (lang) -  have/has + been + ing - I've been waiting for one hour

past perfect  -   verleden tot in verleden -  had + vtdw -  We had lived there for 5 years in 2000.

REF 1-11 (2/2)

future   -   in toekomst gebeuren + plan/voornemen op moment van uitspreken - WILL - I will stay home tonight

future  - voorstel I / we - SHALL - Shall we talk about that?

future - bestaand plan - PRES. CONT. - I am watching that film tonight

future - betaand plan/aanwijzing - GOING TO - It is going to rain.