Relative Clauses (en)

Relative clauses
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EngelsMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 30 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 30 min

Items in this lesson

Relative clauses

Slide 1 - Slide

What is a relative clause?
My brother, who is 24 years old, still lives at home

Slide 2 - Slide

Relative clauses
provide additional information on something or someone.
The thief who robbed an old lady was sent to jail.

Slide 3 - Slide

Relative pronouns
  • Link to a word previously mentioned
  • Links up two parts of the sentence

Martin played Tennis with Sophie, who was slightly injured.





relative pronoun
Noa sold her phone, which was old and damaged.
relative pronoun

Slide 4 - Slide

Relative Clauses
who or that - people 
which or that - animals & things
whose - posession or ownership
where - places
    
Relative pronouns

Slide 5 - Slide

1. Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses:  essential information
  • In the middle or at the end of sentence
  • No commas!




He is the doctor who helped my grandmother.


This is the airport where I lost my bag.

Slide 6 - Slide

2. Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses:  additional information
  • In the middle or at the end of sentence
  • Start and end with commas
  • Do not use that





The Times, which is published in London, is a daily newspaper.


The Times is a daily newspaper.

Slide 7 - Slide

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses  can also comment on the rest of the sentence. 
  • Begin with which





Sam was late for dinner again, which made their mother furious.

Slide 8 - Slide

Relative Clauses
Relative pronouns
We can leave out who, which, and that
when they are followed by a noun or pronoun.

He is the man who/that she wants to marry. =
He is the man she wants to marry. 

This is the man who/that wants to marry her.






Slide 9 - Slide

Relative pronouns
You can leave out relative pronouns if:
  • it is a 'defining relative clause'
  • the pronoun does NOT relate to the subject
  • there is a pronoun behind it







The flowers which he gave me were beautiful.


Persoonlijk: ik, jij, hij, etc.
Bezittelijk: mijn, zijn, onze, etc.
Wederkerend: me, je, zich, etc.
The flowers he gave me were beautiful.

Slide 10 - Slide

3. Reduced relative clauses
Reduced relative clauses  
  • Use the Present Participle or the Past Participle instead of the relative pronoun + verb
  • can be both defining and non-defining




Elderly people living alone should have friends and family to care for them.
3. Reduced relative clauses
Elderly people who live alone should have friends and family to care for them.

Slide 11 - Slide

Relative pronouns
  • Who / which together with preposition
  • preposition mostly in the end.
  • preposition can also be in the beginning of sentence: formal
  • 'Who' changes to 'whom'
The officer, who Lee told his story to, was shocked.
The officer, to whom Leed told his story, was shocked.

Slide 12 - Slide

Defining relative clauses
  • essential info
  • no commas
  • you can use 'that'
  • can't leave this part out of the sentence
Non-defining relative clauses
  • non-essential info
  • commas: yes!
  • you can leave out this part of the sentence and it still makes sense. (It "doesn't define" the sentence.")

Slide 13 - Slide

Defining relative clauses
  • essential info
  • no commas
  • you can use 'that'
  • can't leave this part out of the sentence
Non-defining relative clauses
  • non-essential info
  • commas: yes!
  • you can leave out this part of the sentence and it still makes sense. (It "doesn't define" the sentence.")
Reduced relative clauses
  • can be both defining and non-defining
  • Use the Present Participle or the Past Participle instead of the relative pronoun + verb

Slide 14 - Slide

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence?
I want to read the book........you gave me.
A
which, that , who
B
which, that, X
C
who, whose, whom
D
which, that

Slide 15 - Quiz

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence:
The officer, ....... John told his story to, was nice
A
who, that
B
who, that, X
C
who,
D
which, that

Slide 16 - Quiz

We had spaghetti .... is my favourite meal, for dinner last night.
A
whom
B
whose
C
which
D
who

Slide 17 - Quiz

which two relative pronouns belong to people?
A
who and that
B
who and which
C
which and whom
D
whose and who

Slide 18 - Quiz

Slide 19 - Link

He is a famous architect ...
designs won an international award last year.
A
who
B
which
C
that
D
whose

Slide 20 - Quiz

This is Mary, ...
is taking over my job when I leave.
A
who
B
which
C
that
D
whose

Slide 21 - Quiz

The photocopier, ...
has a two-year guarantee, costs $2000.
A
who
B
which
C
that
D
whose

Slide 22 - Quiz

He is the consultant ...
advice I rely on.
A
whose
B
who
C
that
D
whom

Slide 23 - Quiz

The people ...
were stopped at the border were all from Eastern Europe.
A
whose
B
which
C
that
D
whom

Slide 24 - Quiz

Slide 25 - Link

Slide 26 - Link

Slide 27 - Link

Slide 28 - Link

Any questions??

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