Grammar recap

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Lesson plan

• Rules
• Lesson aims
• Grammar recap
• Grammar exercises
• Recap lesson aims
• Homework

Rules

• Do we know them?
• Yes, you do

Lesson aims

After this lesson you:

Know what to study for the test;

Know the basics of the grammar;

Can prepare questions, if you have any.

Present simple

• When something always, never, or regularly happens
• Recognized by words like "always, never, regularly, often, etc."
• "I always walk down that road."
• "He never talks during class."
• "They regularly interrupt me."

Present continuous

• Happens right now
• "I am walking"
• "He is talking."
• "They are singing."
• "He is being respectful."
• Form of to be (is, am, are) + verb + -ing

Present perfect

• Something happened in the past, but time is not important
• Happened in the past, still going on
• Happened in the past, result is seen now
• Just or not yet happened
• Have/has + verb + -ed 
• Irregular verbs have their own forms

Present perfect

• Something happened in the past, but time is not important
• "I have been to Denmark."
• "He has called them."
• "They have changed their pronouns."
• "Friday has shown us how to respect."

Present perfect

• Happened in the past, but is still going on
• "He has waited for two hours."
• "They have been here since 8.30 AM."
• Often recognized by words like "for" and "since"

Present perfect

• Happened in the past, result is seen now
• "He has broken his arm, that is why it is in a cast."
• "I have done my homework. Take a look."

Present perfect

• Just or not yet happened
• "They have just handed in their work."
• "We haven't discussed that yet."
• Recognized by "just" and "yet"

Gerund

• Verb + ing -> used as noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)
• Used as subject 
• After verbs like "love, stop, start, keep on"
• After prepositions
• After certain expressions

Gerund

• As a subject:
• "Singing is fun."
• "Buying a house is expensive."

Gerund

• After verbs like "love, stop, start, keep on":
• "I love singing."
• "We stopped caring."
• "He started screaming."
• "Let's keep on working."

Gerund

• After prepositions:
• "We are fans of dancing."
• "I think about leaving early."
• "He worries about going to the dance."

Gerund

There are certain expressions:

No use in -> "There is no use in trying."

Is worth -> "That movie is definitely worth seeing."

Look forward to -> "I look forward to meeting your parents."

Moeten

• Three ways of saying "moeten"
• They consist of being strict to less strict:
• Must (most strict) 
• Have to (less strict than must)
• Should (least strict)
• Ought to (formal version of should)

Moeten

• Must: personal obligation/necessity
• "I must visit my grandma, I haven't seen her in ages."
• Have to: obligation from others (rules)
• "You have to be on time!"
• Should/ought to: advice given, but not mandatory
• "You should/ought to eat more fruit."

Negative version of moeten

• Mustn't:
• "I mustn't be home late."
• Don't have to:
• "You don't have to wait for me, if you're off early."
• Shouldn't: 
• "You shouldn't get involved in their discussions."

"I ... (walk) down the stairs, right now."

1. walked
2. am walking
3. was walking
4. have walked

"He always ... (forget) his books."

1. forgets
2. forgot
3. have forgotten
4. had forget

"You ... abide by our rules!"

1. must
2. should
3. ought to
4. have to

"I ... (do) my homework. Here it is!"

1. did
2. do
3. have done
4. has done

Which sentence has the gerund?

1. I am walking down the stairs.
2. He saw the bird fly by.
3. I was thinking of going downstairs.
4. They were worried about the test.

"They ... (talk) to my mom, right now."

1. were talking
2. talked
3. are talking
4. talk

Lesson aims

After this lesson you:

Know what to study for the test;

Know the basics of the grammar;

Can prepare questions, if you have any.

Homework

Self test (if you haven't done so yet)

Prepare questions (if you have any)

Start studying for the test!