h3a 3 October 2022

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Gerund & infinitive

Gerund 

In the example "smoking is prohibited" What is the gerund?

1. smoking
2. smoking is
3. is prohibited
4. prohibited

What is a Gerund?

1. A verb
2. A noun
3. A noun acting as a verb
4. A verb acting as a noun

I've started ... at this school this year.

1. To work
2. Working

I want ... with my friends.

1. to spend time
2. spending time

In which of the following cases can you use a Gerund?

1. As subject
2. After prepositions
3. After specific words and expressions
4. All of the above

Wat is de gerund?

- werkwoord neemt de rol van onderwerp of voorwerp (lijdend of meewerkend)

- werkwoord neemt dus rol aan van zelfstandig naamwoord

- werkwoord met -ing (Maar geen vorm van TO BE !!) --> lijkt dus op present continuous

ex. I love listening to music (Waar hou je van? --> luisteren naar muziek (onderwerp). De actie luisteren naar muziek wordt hier dus een ding, te vervangen met "het"

Voorbeelden

Onderwerp: Doing my homework is what I don't like to do.

Onderwerp: Reading is one of my favorite hobbies.

Lijdend/Meewerkend voorwerp: I was thinking about meeting them.

Lijdend/Meewerkend voorwerp: Jonathan is considering telling him everything.

voorbeelden van Gerund

voorbeelden van present continuous

I am working on something important here!

I hate working late

She recommends studying a week in advance

Learning the gerund is easy!

I am telling you it is not hard

Wanneer gebruik je de gerund?

- Na werkwoorden waarmee je aangeeft wat je wel of niet leuk vindt 

- Na zintuigelijke werkwoorden

- Na de specifieke werkwoorden avoid, consider, give up, go on, keep, manage, mind, prefer, recommend, start, stop en suggest

- Na voorzetsels

- Na bepaalde uitdrukkingen

He never eats breakfast before .... (to head out) to work

I watched him ... (to kayak) through that river.

to + infinitive

What is an example of an to-infinitive?

1. happy
2. working
3. to read a book
4. going to school

to-infinitive

- hele werkwoord MET TO ervoor (to work, to read, to like etc.)

- heeft rol van lijdend of meewerkend voorwerp

ex.
- Jochem loves to play the drums tomorrow.

- I decided to go shopping today.

- Bart hopes to see his son soon.

I didn't expect ... (to swim) that far!

She didn't hestitate .... (to dive) into the water.

Tot slot

De gerund suggereert dat het al gebeurd is (al gaande is):

- I remember doing groceries (is al gebeurd)

De to + infinitive suggereert dat het nog niet gebeurd is (in de toekomst pas echt gaat gebeuren):

- I remember to do groceries (moet je nog gaan doen)

gerund or infinitive?
Tina has decided ... her car.

1. selling
2. to sell
3. is selling
4. sells

gerund or infinitive?
She continued ... about her accomplishments.

1. brags
2. to brag
3. bragging
4. to bragging

gerund or infinitive?
The film isn't worth ....

1. seeing
2. to see
3. to seeing
4. see

gerund or infinitive?
I don't mind ... up early.

1. to getting
2. to get
3. getting
4. gets

Fill in the gerund OR to + infinitive:
The teacher stopped ___ (talk) and left the room.

Fill in the gerund OR to + infinitive:
We hope ___ (get) a good mark for English.

Fill in the gerund OR to + infinitive:
I detest __ (wait) in line at the supermarket.

Fill in the gerund OR to + infinitive:
I practice ___ (play) tennis every day.