The Control and Regulatory Systems

• Health and Social Care
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

INSTRUCTIONS

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NNJR - Musculoskeletal, Nervous and Endocrine Systems

NNJR

Nothing New Just Review

The structure of the brain

• Made up of two halves called cerebral hemispheres
• They are connected by the corpus callosum which is made of nerve tissue and allows messages to be delivered from one side to another
• The left side of the brain connects to the right side of the body and vice versa
• Outside of brain is protected by a triple layer membrane called the meninges
• The cerebrum is the largest part of your brain (83%) and are folded with deep crevices. The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex
• The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the 2 hemispheres and is a much smaller part of the brain (11%) which deals with fine motor skills (particularly hands and feet)
• The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain and connects to the pituitary gland. Both play key roles as glands of the endocrine system
  
• The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brain and is located at the bottom of the brain stem. It is the connection between the brain and the spinal cord

Hypothalamus

Thalami

Pineal Gland

Thalami

(Switchboard)

Pituitary Gland

Gyri

Sulci

PL - Helps you feel touch, pain, and know where your body is

FL - Controls thinking, planning, movement, and emotions

LL - Handles emotions, memory, and behaviour

CC - Connects the left and right sides of the brain and lets them talk to each other

H - Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and links the brain to hormones

PG - A small gland that makes hormones and controls other glands in your body

SC - Carries messages between your brain and the rest of your body

C - Helps you balance and coordinate your movements

MO - Controls basic body functions like breathing and heartbeat

OL - Helps you see and understand what you’re looking at

PG - A small part of the brain that helps control your sleep by making melatonin

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

Limbic Lobe

Corpus Callosum

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Spinal Cord

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Occipital Lobe

Pineal Gland

Corpus Callosum

Hypothalamus

Limbic Lobe

Pituitary Gland

Spinal Cord

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Occipital Lobe

Pineal Gland

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

The structure of the brain (Summary)

Parietal Lobe: A part of the brain that processes touch, temperature, pain, and helps you know where your body parts are.

Frontal Lobe: The part of the brain behind the forehead that controls thinking, planning, emotions, and movement.

Limbic Lobe: A group of brain structures involved in emotions, memory, and behavior.

Corpus Callosum: A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right sides of the brain, allowing them to communicate.

Hypothalamus: A small part of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormones.

Pituitary Gland: A tiny gland under the brain that makes hormones and controls other glands in the body.

Spinal Cord: A long bundle of nerves in the spine that sends messages between the brain and the body.

Cerebellum: A part of the brain at the back that helps with balance, coordination, and fine movements.

Medulla Oblongata: The lower part of the brainstem that controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate.

Occipital Lobe: The part of the brain at the back of the head that processes visual information (sight).

Pineal Gland: A small gland in the brain that helps regulate sleep by producing a hormone called melatonin.

Hypothalamus

Thymus

Pituitary

Pancreas

Ovary (female)

Testis (male)

Adrenal

Thyroid

Pineal

00:16

Name TWO types of hormones associated with puberty in males and females

02:15

Name physical changes to
boys and girls during puberty

02:42

Oestrogen and testosterone are produced by men and women

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

04:04

Diabetes is related to pancreatic function and occur when the pancreas produces

1. Inconsistent amounts of insulin
2. Too little insulin
3. Just the right amount of insulin
4. Too much insulin

04:33

Outline symptoms experience when the thyroid is A) underactive vs B) overactive

04:45

What is the main function
of the endocrine system?