3.4 Urban Culture in the Netherlands

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Geschiedenis

Introductie

3.4 Urban Culture in the Netherlands 

History

Learning goals

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

- how the prosperity in the Netherlands led to a flourishing culture.

- what level of religious freedom there was in the Netherlands.

- which migrants started living in the Netherlands and why.

17th century art in Europe

Why is the art in the Republic different than art from other European countries in the 17th century?

Why does art is the Republic different than art from other European countries in the 17th century?

1. the church was the largest client of artists
2. the house of orange was the largest client of artists
3. The high nobility was the largest client of artists
4. citizens were was the largest client of artists

Jan Steen

What is the title of this painting? (in Dutch & with article)

https:

De Nachtwacht

Read 3.4

Exercises 1 to 8

What was the Republic’s state religion?

Faith and tolerance 

• Calvinist church in the Netherlands
  

• the States General ordered a new Bible translations: the States Bible

Tolerance: accepting dissenters

• Catholic, Protestant or the Jewish faith

• No king to say what to believe

Freedom of  conscience, not of religion 

What do you see? What do you think it is?

Discuss in pairs:

Why did the Republic have to be tolerant in religion?

Learning goals

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Describe why the Republic was tolerant of

- Faith

- Politics

- Science

Portuguese synagogue Amsterdam

The Portuguese synagogue in Amsterdam. Etching by Romeyn de Hooghe from 1675, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Why were Jews allowed to build synagogues and Catholics not allowed to build churches?

Is that a political, economic or cultural/religious motive?

Jewish philospher

• Baruch Spinoza: god is not a supreme being, god is in everything

• Rationalism - man must dare to think for himself instead of referring to God in everything.

Is allowing "shelter churches" a cause or a consequence of tolerance??

1. Cause
2. Consequence

Name two examples showing that the Netherlands was a tolerant country during the Golden Age

Scientific

revolution

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek:
  
• red blood cells, bacteria
  

Christiaan Huygens: the microscope, pendulum clock

Hugo de Groot: the law of war and peace

Baruch Spinoza: god is not a supreme being, god is in everything

Scientific Revolution

• Rapid development in Western Europe in the fields of invention and science.
  
• Possible due to freedom of thought, curiosity and own faith.
  
• Rationalism: tried to understand the world with reason rather than from faith.
  
• - Free thinking
  
• - Doing research
  
• - Testing 

Christiaan Huygens

Wiskunde, sterrenkunde, natuurkunde

Uitvindingen:

* Verbeterde telescoop

* Slingeruurwerk (exacte tijd kunnen bepalen)

Wetenschappelijke revolutie (2)

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek:

Uitvindingen van de microscoop

Zag voor het eerst bacteriën!

Wie ontdekte kleine microscopische wezentjes?

1. Galileo Galilei
2. Isaac Newton
3. Christiaan Huygens
4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Wie heeft het slingeruurwerk uitgevonden?

1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
2. Hugo de Groot
3. Christiaan Huygens
4. René Descartes

Hij bouwde een telescoop om de sterren te bestuderen:

1. Christiaan Huygens
2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
3. Spinoza
4. Willem van Oranje

Wie vond de microscoop uit?

1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
2. Simon Stevens
3. Eise Eisinga
4. Newton

What is a tronie?

1. An English style of portrait
2. A portrait set on a black background
3. An overly expressive painting
4. A portrait with movement

How does the "Girl with the Pearl Earring" differ from much of Vermeer’s other work?

1. He painted mostly scenes of every day life, not portraits
2. He painted mostly men, not women
3. He painted mostly scenes of nature, not people
4. He painted mostly fruit bowls, not portraits

What answer best describes Vermeer’s typical composition?

1. Busy and cluttered
2. Harmonious and balanced
3. Confusing and off-putting
4. Intimidating and isolating

What does chiaroscuro refer to?

1. The way characters are arranged on a canvas
2. The way an artist invites the reader into a painting
3. The way objects far away appear smaller
4. The way an artist uses light and shadow

What economic innovation helped replace traditional patrons in Vermeer’s home town?

1. Socialism
2. Nobility and the Church
3. The Dutch East India Company
4. Industialization

Learning goal

You can explain what is so captivating to Dutch paintings from the 17th century

You can explain why regents wanted to have paintings of themselves

Now: check the exercises of 3.3 and 3.4