V6 - Shakespeare & Marlowe (Dr. Faustus, As You Like It, Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 6

V6 - The Renaissance (Shakespeare & Marlowe)

(Shakespeare's Language, plays and genres, Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth)

Previously...

Shakespeare's Language

Shakespeare's plays and their genres

Today:

Romeo & Juliet + Macbeth

Which is not one of the main genres that Shakespeare's plays can be categorised in

1. Comedy
2. Tragedy
3. Thriller
4. Historical

The Renaissance follows which period in the literary history?

1. Enlightenment
2. Victorian period
3. The Middle Ages
4. Romanticism

What does "Renaissance" mean literally and figuratively?

How was it possible that William Shakespeare, a mere glovemaker's son, knew so much Latin?

your

you (singular)

does

has

THOU

DOTH

THY

HATH

ROMEO & JULIET

ROMEO & JULIET?

ROMEO & JULIET: THE BALCONY SCENE

But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?

It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.

Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,

Who is already sick and pale with grief,

That thou her maid art far more fair than she:

Be not her maid, since she is envious;

Her vestal livery is but sick and green

And none but fools do wear it; cast it off.

It is my lady, O, it is my love!

O, that she knew she were!

ROMEO & JULIET: THE BALCONY SCENE

Now, write down everything you remember from the video

Task 4 - Modern-day Shakespeare

Previously...

Shakespeare's Language

Shakespeare's plays and their genres

Romeo and Juliet

Translating lines from Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet is

1. a sonnet
2. a comedy
3. a historical play
4. a tragedy

Romeo died before Juliet died.

1. True
2. False

Romeo and Juliet takes place in

1. Verona
2. Venice
3. Rome
4. London

Romeo compares Juliet to

1. sun
2. moon
3. bright angel
4. saint

Who secretly marries Romeo and Juliet?

1. Prince Escalus
2. Friar Lawrence
3. Paris
4. Lord Capulet

What are Romeo and Juliet's family names?

1. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet too.
2. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet a Capulet.
3. Romeo is a Capulet and Juliet too.
4. Romeo is a Capulet and Juliet is a Montague.

AS YOU LIKE IT

As You Like It - please take out the worksheet + notebook/pen

Individually (in silence), write down your answers to the following questions.

Explain the extended metaphor (life, people, stages in life, birth, death)

Write a modern summary of each age

What is the tone of the text? Why do you think so?

MACBETH

Now, write down everything you remember from the video

MACBETH - PLOT

Macbeth is a brave and loyal thane to King Duncan. After hearing a prophecy by 3 witches that he will become king himself, Macbeth is overcome by ambition and greed. Bolstered by the prophecy and his wife’s (Lady Macbeth) encouragement, he kills King Duncan and takes the throne. Afterwards, Macbeth’s guilt, fear, and paranoia lead him to commit even more murders to secure his power. His confidence in the prophecies eventually leads to his downfall and he is overthrown and killed by those he has wronged.

For each and 

every taste...

 A mixed audience

Macbeth and the witches

Macbeth and the witches

The Witches' spell

The play Macbeth is very much about the natural order of things.

Macbeth overthrows this order by not staying loyal and subordinate to his ‘natural’ leader, King Duncan. Instead, he kills him and takes his place, which unleashes chaos, in his head and in his world.

The play starts with the ultimate representatives of ‘unnatural’ or ‘supernatural’ things, the famous 3 witches

By listening to and believing the witches, Macbeth enters the unnatural world.

Listen to the witches while they are preparing the ‘brew’ they make Macbeth drink (famous quote) . “Caldron” or “cauldron” is the kettle the witches use to brew their ‘magic potions’

Lady Macbeth Soliloquy

Summoning the strength to kill King Duncan

Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy shows the dark evil side of her. That is unexpected as one would not expect a woman in Shakespearean time to say such things. It emphasizes her strong character, and the violent acts she plan to pursue. This also foreshadows that she, along with Macbeth, will kill Duncan the king, in order for Macbeth to overtake the throne, and become king.

Back in Shakespeare’s time, woman were treated unequally. They did not have much of a voice or their own opinion in society, yet we see here that Lady Macbeth is an exception.

She implies that she wants to strip her femininity, by saying such things as “unsex me here” (I, v, 44), and “Come to my woman’s breasts, and take my milk for gall,” (I, v, 50-51).

Lady Macbeth tries to diminish her soft side, and does not wish to feel guilt or remorse. She asks to “Stop up the access and passage to remorse, that no compunctious visitings of nature shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between the effect and it!” (I, v, 47-50)..

Start at 2:20

Lady Macbeth Soliloquy

Summoning the strength to kill King Duncan

This soliloquy incorporates a lot of imagery: 

animal imagery, blood imagery, and darkness imagery:

Animal imagery – “the raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan” (I, v, 41-42).The raven has a negative connotation and is related to times of evil. This contributes to the viewer/reader’s knowledge that Duncan is about to face evil.

Blood imagery – “oh direst cruelty! make thick my blood,” (I, v, 46).Here, Lady Macbeth wants to make thick her blood, as to not be weak when it comes to killing Duncan. To make thick her blood is to make her a stronger character.

Darkness imagery – “You wait on nature’s mischief! Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,” (I, v, 53-56).She asks the darkness- “smoke” and the “blanket of dark”– to cover her of her evil acts, and is more direct to ask for cover than Macbeth is. This shows she is doing more evil, and needs more darkness for her acts.

Lady Macbeth 

Scolding Macbeth for his reluctance to kill Duncan

“I know how tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me .I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this." 

start at 1:36

Lady Macbeth 

Scolding Macbeth for his reluctance to kill Duncan

Lady Macbeth 

after the murder of Duncan

start at 00:58

Out, damned spot! Out, I say!—One, two. Why, then, ’tis time to do ’t. Hell is murky!—Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?—Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him.

Lady Macbeth 

after the murder of Duncan

V6 - The Renaissance (Shakespeare & Marlowe)

(Dr. Faustus, As You Like It, Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice)

Previously...

Shakespeare's Language

Shakespeare's plays and their genres

Romeo and Juliet

Macbeth

Which is not one of the main genres that Shakespeare's plays can be categorised in

1. Comedy
2. Tragedy
3. Thriller
4. Historical

Both Romeo & Juliet and Macbeth are considered...

1. historical plays
2. tragedies
3. romantic plays
4. comedies

Why does Friar Lawrence agree to marry Romeo and Juliet?

1. He needs the money
2. He believes they’re in love
3. He thinks it will unite the families
4. He was blackmailed by Romeo

What does Lady Macbeth think Macbeth lacks?

1. Modesty
2. The manliness to follow through on his ambitions
3. The ambition to ever become someone notable
4. The intelligence to be a king

How many witches appear in Shakespeare's Macbeth?

1. 5
2. 3
3. 1
4. 6

In which country does Macbeth take place

1. Scotland
2. England
3. Ireland
4. Wales

Why does Macbeth kill King Duncan?

1. Because he is in the English army not the Scottish one
2. Macbeth wants to take his place as king
3. So Duncan can't kill him first
4. Because Duncan is in love with Lady Macbeth

What is Lady Macbeth's plan for murdering Duncan?

1. Macbeth will pour poison in his ear while he sleeps and blame the King's brother.
2. Macbeth will stab him in his sleep and plant the bloody evidence on the servants.
3. Macbeth will hire three murderers to ambush Duncan when he returns to the castle on horseback.
4. Macbeth will push him out the window during a tour of the castle.

What is a moral lesson presented in Macbeth?

1. Ambition leads to downfall
2. Crime does not pay
3. Love conquers all
4. Power corrupts individuals

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE

The Merchant of Venice - BACKGROUND

What do we know about Venice? (remember: set in 1500s)

What do we know about Venice? (remember --> it takes place in Venice in the 1600s)

The Merchant of Venice - BACKGROUND

- Mediterranean (Italy)

- Trading centre (boats on canals)

- Goods from the Far East: silks, spices, jewels, expensive items, even slaves

- Exotic location for a play

- Different religious views: gated communities / red caps / disrespect

- Elizabethan times in England

- Patriarchal society

AI version of Venice set during the play

The Merchant of Venice

- classified as a comedy

The plot involves Shylock, a greedy Jewish money-lender. Most money lenders were Jewish, since it was one of the only few professions they were allowed to have. 

Also, Christians could not charge interests on loans.

The Merchant of Venice

Shylock has lost his beloved daughter when she elopes with a man who belongs to a virulently anti-Semitic society. 

Through his friend Antonio (= The Merchant of Venice), Bassanio takes out a loan so that he can woo the beautiful and wealthy Portia. Shylock loans him the money, but if he fails to repay the debt, he demands a literal 'pound of flesh' from Antonio.

The Merchant of Venice

Antonio's money is on his ships, but then they are reported lost at sea...

 Shylock demands a piece of flesh, the part surrounding the heart.

Portia, dressed up as a lawyer, defends Antonio from Shylock's legal suit.  Like a proper lawyer, she gets Antonio off on a technicality (Shylock may only take the flesh if he can get it without spilling the blood) 

Shylock ends by being forced to renounce his faith and his fortune.

When you prick us...

I am sure, if he forfeit, thou wilt not take his flesh: what's that good for?

To bait fish withal: if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what's his reason? I am a Jew.

Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?

If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villany you teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

Discussion questions

1. Some have argued that Antonio is in love with Bassanio in the play The Merchant of Venice. Can you explain why this might be? Use textual evidence. 
2. What does Portia's dead father's riddle with the caskets indicate about the role of women?
3. How does religious conflict play a role in the Merchant of Venice? Do you think it is an anti-Christian or anti-Jewish play?
4. How can we sympathize with Shylock in the Merchant of Venice? Use especially Act 1 Scene 3 to explain your point. 

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE

The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus

known for short as: Dr. Faustus

Christopher Marlowe (1564 - 1593)

Shakespeare's contemporary

Scholars say Marlowe heavily influenced Shakespeare's plays (Marlovian themes)

Established dramatic blank verse (poetry that doesn't rhyme in iambic pentameter)

Dr. Faustus

Before we get there...

This story has inspired many contemporary stories

What do these have in common?

Dr. Faustus Quotes

If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us. Why, then belike, we must sin, and so consequently die. Ay, we must die an everlasting death. What doctrine call you this? Che serà, serà: What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu! These metaphysics of magicians And necromantic books are heavenly; Lines, circles, letters, characters— Ay, these are those that Faustus most desires. O, what a world of profit and delight, Of power, of honor, and omnipotence Is promised to the studious artisan! (Faustus contemplates making the deal)

Now, Faustus, must thou needs be damned; Canst thou not be saved! What boots it then to think on God or heaven? Away with such vain fancies, and despair— Despair in God and trust in Belzebub! Now go not backward. Faustus, be resolute! Why waver’st thou? O something soundeth in mine ear, “Abjure this magic, turn to God again.” Ay, and Faustus will turn to God again. To God? He loves thee not; The god thou serv’st is thine own appetite Wherein is fixed the love of Belzebub! To him I’ll build an altar and a church And offer lukewarm blood of newborn babes! (Faustus wonders if he made the right choice)

My God, my God! Look not so fierce on me! Adders and serpents, let me breathe awhile! Ugly Hell, gape not! Come not Lucifer! I’ll burn my books!—O Mephostophilis! (Faustus - at the very end - pleads to go back to God)

Previously...

Romeo and Juliet

Macbeth

As You Like It

The Merchant of Venice

Dr. Faustus (by Christopher Marlowe)

Today: review + Hamlet

In which country does Macbeth take place

1. Scotland
2. England
3. Ireland
4. Wales

What's NOT in the witches' prophecy about Macbeth?

1. He will become king
2. No one born of a woman can kill him
3. He will lose his wife
4. He won't be conquered until the woods march to him

Why does Macbeth kill King Duncan?

1. Because he is in the English army not the Scottish one
2. Macbeth wants to take his place as king
3. So Duncan can't kill him first
4. Because Duncan is in love with Lady Macbeth

In what way does the play Doctor Faustus fit the Renaissance time period?

1. It shows how people started to focus on life on Earth, instead of the afterlife
2. It shows how people start to move away from the idea that God is the center of life
3. It shows how critical research/science becomes more important
4. It refers to the ancient Greek and Roman times

Who wrote Dr. Faustus?

1. William Shakespeare
2. Christopher Marlowe
3. Geoffrey Chaucer
4. Queen Victoria

For what does Dr. Faustus sell his soul to the devil?

1. to be rich for 24 years
2. to become more intelligent for 24 years
3. to have 24 wives
4. to visit 24 countries

Which kind of rhyme can you find in Dr. Faustus?

1. Assonance
2. Alliteration
3. Blank Verse
4. End Rhyme

What kind of play is The Merchant of Venice?

1. A tragedy
2. A comedy
3. A mystery play
4. A historical play

Who is the Merchant of Venice?

1. Antonio
2. Shylock
3. Bassanio
4. Lorenzo

Who does the Merchant of Venice take out a loan for?

1. Antonio
2. Shylock
3. Bassanio
4. Lorenzo

Why can Shylock ask interest for the loan of money?

1. He is a Christian so he should help other Christians.
2. He is a Jew ,it is not considered a sin for Jews to make a profit from usury.
3. He is a respectable friend of Antonio.
4. He is the only rich merchant in Venice

“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”

1. simile
2. metaphor
3. understatement
4. hyperbole

Individually (in silence), write down your answers to the following questions.

Explain the extended metaphor (life, people, stages in life, birth, death)

Write a modern summary of each age

What is the tone of the text? Why do you think so?

HAMLET

Hamlet - Introduction

This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. The themes of the plot cover indecision, revenge and retribution, deception, ambition, loyalty and fate.

 

Prince Hamlet mourns both his father's death and his mother, Queen Gertrude's remarriage to Claudius. The ghost of Hamlet's father appears to him and tells him that Claudius has poisoned him. Hamlet swears revenge.

Due to all of the worries, betrayal and stress Hamlet is slowly becoming insane….. Or is that just an act…?

What is the connection between these pictures?

Matches Hamlet

No Match

prosperous

morbid

elderly

depressed

unimportant

youthful

deprived

cheerful

0

To be or not to be - text

To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?—To die,—to sleep,— No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to,—’tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish’d. To die,—to sleep;— To sleep: perchance to dream:—ay, there’s the rub;

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: there’s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,The pangs of despis’d love, the law’s delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?

who would these fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,— The undiscover’d country, from whose bournNo traveller returns,—puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought;And enterprises of great pith and moment,With this regard, their currents turn awry,And lose the name of action.

 

To be or not to be - Assignment

Infographic

We have now discussed 6 plays (1 by Marlowe, 5 by Shakespeare), 2 novels (Brave New World + 12 Angry Men) and the Renaissance period

Sit with group (check board)

Each group chooses one topic from the list and makes a PowerPoint or Canva slide/illustration/infographic with the following:

The plot, setting, the main characters, important themes of the story, the author, what the story means today (include pictures or maps too). 

In the case of the Renaissance, take the most important events and characteristics of this time and create an infographic.

TOPICS: 1) Hamlet, 2) Romeo & Juliet, 3) The Merchant of Venice, 4) As You Like It, 5) Macbeth, 6) Dr. Faustus, 7) Brave New World, 8) 12 Angry Men, 9) The Renaissance

Previously...

Romeo and Juliet

Macbeth

As You Like It

The Merchant of Venice

Dr. Faustus (by Christopher Marlowe)

Hamlet

Today: review Renaissance

Which play do you know most

1. Scotland
2. England
3. Ireland
4. Wales

Which play(s) (Shakespeare or Marlowe) do you feel like you know best?

Which play(s) (Shakespeare or Marlowe) do you feel like you know the least?

I feel least confident about...

Brave New World

Middle English

Victorian Period

Romanticism

Great War Poetry

Renaissance (Shakespeare)

Renaissance (Marlowe)

What, according to you, is the best way to prepare yourself for DT4?

0

Individual study time

Options:

• Continue/finish CITO "korte teksten"
• Plan when + what you will study for DT4 (divide and conquer!)
• Study Brave New World (tip: divide into sections)
• Study Middle English 
• Study Victorian English
• Study Romanticism
• Study Great War Poetry
• Summarise the Shakespeare plays (make infographics, character maps, draw the plot, visualise it for yourself or try to retell/teach your family members what happens in each play!)