English 5 - Chapter 15

• English
• Primary Education
• Age 5,6

More About Sentences

Chapter 15

Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases, and Objects of the Preposition

Chapter 15 - Lessons 141-143

• Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and other words in a sentence.
  
  Examples:  in, on, at, among, between without, during 
  
  There were students inside the library.
  The bank was built between a school and a shopping mall. 
  
  
• Between is used for a thing in the middle of two things
• Among is used for a thing in the midst of three or more things

Prepositions

How many prepositions are in the sentence below?

Egypt houses the famous pyramids and the Sphinx statue.

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3

How many prepositions are in the sentence below?

A tall lighthouse was built in the city of Alexandria.

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3

How many prepositions are in the sentence below?

The Sphinx has the head of a man on the body of a lion.

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3

Choose the sentence that is written correctly.

1. Dana sat between the cat and the dog.
2. Dana sat among the cat and the dog.

Choose the sentence that is written correctly.

1. She couldn't decide between the huge selection of pastries.
2. She couldn't decide among the huge selection of pastries.

(Without, Between) detailed records, we would not be aware of history.

Joseph's dreams happened (about, inside) the prison.

Pharoah made Joseph ruler (over, on) all Egypt.

• Prepositional Phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun
  
  
• Object of the Preposition (OP) is the noun or pronoun being acted on, referenced, or affected by the preposition.
  
  
• To find the object of the preposition, say the preposition, and ask the question "what" or "whom"

Prepositional Phrases

1. The ancient Greeks believed in many gods.
   
   
2. In Ancient Greece, the highest part of the city was called the Acropolis.
   
   
3. Above the City of Athens, several buildings stand on a hill.
   
   
4. The men protect the ancient walls for future generations.

Let's try it out! 

Find the following: simple subject, verb, prepositional phrase and it's parts.

Type the simple subject.

The Parthenon was built in honor of the goddess Athena.

Type the verb/s.

It served many purposes.

Type the verb/s. (clue: the correct answer has 2 words)

One time, it was used for Catholic services.

Type the object of the preposition.

The entire building is made of marble.

Type the object of the preposition.

Stones were taken from the mountains.

Type the preposition.

The rabbit ran through the tunnel.

Is the prepositional phrase acting as an adjective or as an adverb? 

• A prepositional phrase can be added to the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. 
  
  
• The placement of a prepositional phrase affects the placement of the subject and verb
  
  1. The students answered an easy quiz. 
  2. The students of the Grade 5 class answered an easy quiz. 
  3. During their break, students enjoyed lots of free time. 
  4. Grade 5 students roamed around the huge park.

Placement of Prepositional Phrases 

Is the prepositional phrase acting as an adjective or as an adverb? 

1. This building was built for the people. ______________________

2. There were high expectations for the king. _________________

3. A guide told us all about the old building. __________________

4. The ruins of the building towered above my mom and me.

                            ____________                                 _________________

Replace the underlined object of the preposition with an appropriate object pronoun:

Type an appropriate prepositional phrase to complete the sentence:

My family went camping _______________________.

Type an appropriate prepositional phrase to complete the sentence:

We sat _____________ and toasted marshmallows.

Type an appropriate prepositional phrase to complete the sentence:

_________________, we heard a group of noisy dogs.

Preposition or Adverb?

Chapter 15 - Lesson 144

• Adverbs can describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Some of them end in -ly and often written near the word they describe.
  
  Examples:  
  The president carefully planned the event.
  The donut contained creamy custard inside.
  Many people visit the monument today.

Adverbs

• Prepositions show relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in the sentence. The preposition is written in a prepositional phrase and has an object of the preposition.
  
  Examples:  
  The dirt lay inside the wall.
  Our whole class went to the museum.

Prepositions

• Prepositions show relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in the sentence. The preposition is written in a prepositional phrase and has an object of the preposition.
  
  Examples:  
  The dirt lay inside the wall.
  Our whole class went to the museum.

Prepositions

        Adverbs       vs.      Prepositions

• The dirt lay inside. 
  
  
  
• I'm going out.
  
  
  
• Go and run about.

• The dirt lay inside the block.
  
  
• I'm going out the house.
  
  
• The kid thought about the sun.

The school is NEAR the river.

1. adverb
2. preposition

The Great Wall of China kept the enemy OUT for many years.

1. adverb
2. preposition

He traveled ACROSS the world in just 80 days.

1. adverb
2. preposition

The excited dog ran around.

1. adverb
2. preposition

Subordinating Conjunctions

Chapter 16 - Lesson 145

1. Having a party is a bad idea because the neighbors will complain.
   
   
2. I am extremely happy since I finished the project.
   
   
3. The dog jumped on his lap while he was eating.
   
   
4. Annie was still crying, although she had been happy about the news.

Sentences: 

Simple, Compound, & Complex

Chapter 16 - Lesson 146-147

• A simple sentence has a subject and a predicate (verb), and it gives a complete thought. It gives a complete thought.
  
  
• Simple sentences can have a compound subject, a compound predicate, or both. 
  
  
• simple sentence = independent clause
  
  Examples:  
  Solomon built the temple.
  Solomon prayed and gave offering to God.

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb. 
  
  
• An independent clause is a complete thought, so it can stand alone as a sentence
  
  
• A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction 
  
  Examples:  
  You can ride the elevator, or you can climb the stairs.
  Eiffel was successful;  he became well-known in Europe.

• A dependent clause is not a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
  
  
• It starts with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, because, since, until, when, and while
  
  
• A complex sentence contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. 
  
  
• Follow the dependent clause with a comma if placed at the beginning of a sentence.
  
  Examples:  
  I won't go on the ride unless you go with me.
  Unless you go with me, I won't go on the ride.

Find the conjunction and identify whether it is a simple, compound, or complex sentence.

_____ 1. I like coffee, and Mary likes tea.

_____ 2. The tabernacle was a great tent.

_____ 3.  If you want me to make dinner, we’ll be having pasta.

_____ 4. Our car broke down; we came last. 

_____ 5. The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed.

_____ 6. He tried to be calm even though he was worried.

_____ 7. Jeremiah prophesied about the temple's destruction.

_____ 8. Since it was exam week, she studied all night long.

1. I ordered a salad, but I really wanted lasagna.

2. The football match was canceled because it was raining.

3. The final game will be postponed to next week. 

4. She cooked dinner, so he washed the dishes. 

5. I continued to walk even though I was quite scared. 

____

____

____

____

____

CS

SS

CS

CX

CX

Let's combine these clauses to create a compound or complex sentence.

(CS) Kind Hiram sent many trees from Tyre. The stones were quarried near Jerusalem.

(CX) The people loved God. They gave gold and silver to the temple.

(CS) A wall of Herod's temple stands today. Nothing remains of Solomon's temple.

(CX) Christians do not need a temple. God dwells in their hearts.

Commas & Comma Splices

Chapter 16 - Lesson 148

1. In direct address
   We hope you have a wonderful day, Mr. President.
   
   
2. To separate an appositive from the word that it renames
   The student, John, jumped in joy after being awarded.
   
   
3. After long introductory prepositional phrases of five or more words
   On the roof of the big house, stood a cute little wind vane.
   
   
4. After a dependent clause at the beginning of a sentence
   Before going to the mall, the family packed some snacks.
   
   
5. Before a connecting conjunction (and, but, or) in a compound sentence
   The work was very tiring, but she felt satisfied after every day.

Some Uses of the Comma

Comma splice: I enjoy amusement parks, I didn't have fun at Star City.

How to correct a comma splice:

1. Make the sentence into two sentences.
I enjoy amusement parks. I didn't have fun at Star City.

2. Make the sentence a compound sentence.
I enjoy amusement parks, but I didn't have fun at Star City.

3. Make the sentence a complex sentence.

Although I didn't have fun at Star City, I still enjoy amusement parks.

A  comma splice consists of two complete sentences incorrectly joined 

by a comma.

Identify whether the sentence is correct or if it contains a comma splice. Correct if needed.

1. I completed my essay I have not submitted it.
   
   
2. John was anxious about his trip he decided to cancel it.
   
   
3. I washed this by hand, and it looks new.
   
   
4. The flowers are beautiful. They brighten the room.

1. Mount Rushmore is a national monument it is in South Dakota.

2. Mount Rushmore is a memorial to four great presidents, and it is a symbol of freedom. 

3. George Washington was the first president, he is the "father of America".

4. Washington was born in 1732, he commanded the Virginia Militia at age twenty-three.

5. While Washington was commander-in-chief, he helped gain independence from England.

____

____

____

____

____

CS

CS

CS

C

C