Early British History

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

British History from the beaker culture to the Medieval Period

Lessongoal: By the end of this class

you know in wich order the invasions took place and what important aspects the invaders atributed to ' Britain'.

Recap

Celts > Romans > Anglo-Saxons

• From c. 700 BC: modern Britain inhabited by great number of Celtic tribes
• 43: the Romans successfully invade Britain (emperor Claudius) and start their conquest
• Britannia (Roman Britain)
• 410: last Roman legions leave Britain
• c. 450: Anglo-Saxon invasions begin

Celts (prehistory - 43 AD)

• Women warriors, trees, honour culture
  
• They where hunter-gatherers
• They built Stonehenge but did they?
  

Romans 43 AD- 410 AD

• They introduced money and roads.
• They didn't mingle and left very little remains.
  
• Castra means Camp ( Chester, Lancaster, Gloucester)
  
• The called their domain 'Britannia' and built Hadrian's wall.
  

The Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxons 410-1066

• New farming methods ->country side oriented
  
• Were pagan (heidenen), became christian
• spoke old English,  related to Frysian. so the Dutch understood the English
• Feudal system; king, nobility, the clergy, knights, peasants cities
  

1066 The battle of Hastings

https://youtu.be/Owf5Uq4oFps

Wat weet je over de Battle of Hastings?
( Wanneer, wie tegen wie, waarom?)

The Normans

• 1066 William the conquerer -> battle of Hastings
• feudal system, strong government
  
•  The Magna Carta + The Doomsday book
• Middle English (Anglo-Norman)
  

The Doomsday book

Domesday Book, the original record or summary of William I’s survey of England. By contemporaries the whole operation was known as “the description of England,” but the popular name Domesday—i.e., “doomsday,” when men face the record from which there is no appeal—was in general use by the mid-12th century. The survey, in the scope of its detail and the speed of its execution, was perhaps the most remarkable administrative accomplishment of the Middle Ages.

Magna Carta

he Magna Carta (Latin for “Great Charter”) was a document that gave certain rights to the English people. King John of England agreed to it on June 15, 1215. The Magna Carta stated that the king must follow the law. He could not simply rule as he wished. It was one of the first documents to state that citizens had such rights.

England’s nobles (called barons), church leaders, and the common people disliked King John. He demanded too much money from his people. The barons drew up the Magna Carta to limit his power. John was too weak to resist them.

The Magna Carta dealt mostly with the rights of barons and the Roman Catholic church. However, it also guaranteed the rights of women and children who inherited property. It stated that a person could not be punished for a crime unless they were lawfully convicted. Finally, the Magna Carta gave barons the right to declare war on the king if he did not follow the document.

The Magna Carta was a first step in the creation of England’s constitution. Many other countries later used the ideas of the Magna Carta in their constitutions, too.

Next time

The Old English Period + the guiding questions