Week 41 Questions and Negations Grammer Lesson 3vwo

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

3vwo 2nd lesson - Questions and negations Grammer

Week 39

Take your seat

Put your laptop, pen, and work book on the table

Keep your laptop closed

Lesson outcomes

You'll be able to understand and form different types of questions

You'll know how to provide a negative statement

What is the most basic function of a question?

A request for information

What is the date?

It's the 9th of October

The information is what the date is

What are the two types of questions?

1. Long and short
2. Open and Closed
3. Kind and Rude
4. Simple and Complex

Which question is a closed question?

1. What are your favorite hobbies?
2. How do you feel about the English class?
3. Why do you like TikTok?
4. Would you like pizza for dinner?

Closed/Open questions

Closed questions you can answer with yes or no, with the choice to add more information.

Example: Is it raining? Yes, it's the Netherlands

Open questions require more words to answer.

Example: What do you like to do in your free time?

I like to watch movies

Closed questions

Closed questions often start with auxiliary verbs (hulpwerkwoord) such as do or will

However, closed questions do not have to be answered with a yes or a no. You can provide more information if you choose to do so.

Did you get to school on time?

Of course, I'm always on time

Try it yourself
Make a closed question

Interrogative/Question words (wh-)

These words are used for open questions.

Who - Person

What - Thing

When - Time

Where - Place

Why - Reason

How - Manner

Interrogative/Question words (wh-)

wh- word + to do + subject + verb + ?

Where do you live?

wh- word + to be + subject?

How are you?

Subject Questions

Subject questions are where the wh- word is the subject. The question word is asking about the person or thing doing the action

Object Questions

Object questions are wh- questions where the wh- word asks about the object (the thing receiving the action). These questions require an auxiliary verb (hulpwerkwoord - like do, does, did).

Which question is an object question?

1. How do you do that?
2. What time is it?
3. How is it going?
4. How's the weather?

Question tags

Question tags are used when you are not sure about a statement that you are making, or to ask for support/reassurance

Every time you use a tag in your exams you 

need to think of a battery or a magnet. One 

side is positive, so the other has to be negative

Question tags

Red is positive, blue is negative.

It's hot out, isn't it?

You haven't finished already, have you?

You came home late, didn't you?

Remember to use the battery!

Positive statements

Sometimes, when your statement is positive, and your tag is negative you are asking the listener to agree with your statement

In some cases, the answer is obvious, and as such it is an invitation to respond.

It's very cloudy, isn't it?

Positive statements

You can also use positive statements with tags to agree with someone.

Example: It's not so warm today.

No, it's freezing, isn't it?

In this case, the question does not need to be answered and as such you can ignore it.

Certainty and Tone

If you are certain of something, you know that it is true.

If you are using a tag when you are sure of something, then you use a falling tone

Campfires are nice, aren't they? ↘

If you are unsure, you use a rising tone

You like sushi, don't you? ↗ 

Using a tag, turn this sentence into a question:
TikTok is addictive

Negative statements

Much the same as positive statements, you can use negative statements in order to prompt a response from the listener.

It isn't so warm, is it? ↘

The tone falls as the answer is obvious

Negative statements

When you use a negative statement with a rising tone, you sound suspicious or disapproving. By asking one of these questions, you prompt the listener to confirm or deny the accusation.

You didn't make a mess, did you? ↗ 

No, we kept the classroom tidy

Battery rule exception

Positive statements can be used with positive tags when you wish to express interest and invite further information from the speaker. 

Example: Luke doesn't live in England anymore

Oh, he's moved, has he?

In this scenario, the listener understands that Luke has moved, and is requesting confirmation and perhaps some extra information.

Lets practice

At the top will be the statement, choose the correct tag

You're paying attention, ...

1. Aren't you?
2. Are you?
3. Do you?
4. Won't you?

It's cold today, ...

1. Are you?
2. Aren't it?
3. Is it?
4. Isn't it?

If you answered: Are you?

That would work if spoken. However, it is not the correct tag for this question. Be mindful that you will be asking a question separate from the statement, instead of adding to it.

What you'd be asking is:

It's cold today. Are you cold?

Instead of confirming that it is cold today, despite perhaps being warm inside.

Indirect Questions

Embedded Questions

They typically follow a statement and are structured like a regular statement rather than a direct question. They do not end with a question mark

Example:

Direct: What time does the meeting start?

Embedded: Could you tell me what time the meeting starts

Embed the following question into a sentence: When does the train leave?

Questions in Reported Speech

Modal Verbs

Sometimes, we use modal verbs (modale werkwoorden) in order to ask questions.

Request: Can I have a pizza, please?

Offering to help: Can I help?

Suggestion: Shall we go to Jumbo instead?

Offering something: Would you like a pizza?

Asking permission: May I use the toilet?

Complaining: Why don't you listen?

Inversion in questions

Most questions have an inversion of the subject and auxiliary.

Statement: We can sit here

Question: Can we sit here?

If there is more than one auxiliary verb, you only invert the first

Statement: I could have booked a ticket

Question: Could I have booked a ticket?

Simple tenses

When using simple tenses, we use the auxiliary verb do

Statement: You like to watch TV

Question: Do you like to watch TV?

Statement: They arrived at six

Question: Did they arrive at six?

To do

We use do when:

I, they, we, 

Plural nouns - your parents

We use does when:

He, she, it, 

Singuar nouns - your mother

To be

We use am when the subject is:

I

We use is when the subject is:

He, she, it, singular nouns

We use are when the subject is:

We, they, plural nouns

Prepositions

Negative Questions

Example:

Aren't you hungry?

Negative Questions

It's confusing. 

They shouldn't really be 

used without being careful.

hfehafea

geag

ega

aeg

Negative Questions

However, they are used so 

let's talk about how to answer them

Negative Questions

Example:

Aren't you hungry?

No, I'm not. I ate an hour ago

If you answer yes or no to these types of questions, the asker can still be confused about what you mean. It's best to provide more information with these types of questions.

Negative Questions

You can use negative questions AFTER using a positive question to show shock

Example: 

Do you like pizza? No

Surprised: Don't you like pizza?

Negative Questions

We use negative questions in order to subtly show confusion or shock in our speech, even when not following a question

Example:

I don't like to cycle

But you're Dutch. Don't you like cycling?

Echo questions

Echo questions are used to show disbelief or shock, or to ask for clarification

I often eat raw meat

You eat what?

I eat raw meat, it's perfectly safe

Empahasis can be put on what to show disgust

Echo questions

They can also be used to ask the speaker to repeat what they said.

Speaker: Did you hear the rude lady?

Listener: Did I hear the what?

Here the listener is asking for the speaker to repeat themselves while showing to the speaker what part of the sentence they need to repeat

Echo tags

Echo tags are different to regular question tags. Here, positive is with positive and negative is with negative. A rising tone can help show interest

We're moving house soon

Oh, ↗ are you?

The children can't swim

Can't they?

Does that make sense?

Yes

No

Time to work

Grammar Exercises 53-55 (pp. 71-72)

Check your answers

Eindexamensite:

Vmbo GT Engels 2024-2 - Questions 34-41

Study for the next lesson:

Repeat Theme words on expressing (dis)agreement on page 76

Vocab G on page 77

Exit card: Which word do we use to ask about the time?

1. What
2. Where
3. How
4. When