2.2 The Reformation in Europe

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2.2 The Reformation in Europe

Why and how did Protestantism start in Europe?

1.2 The Reformation in Europe

Why and how did Protestantism start in Europe?

What problems did people have with the church?

Who was Martin Luther?

What are the differences between the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church?

Catholicism

• During the Middle Ages every Christian was Catholic
• Religion was very important - you had to get into heaven
• To get into heaven you had to pay taxes
• But people started to complain about the church...

1a. The Catholic Church was created during the Roman Empire

1. true
2. false

1b. The pope is the leader of the Catholic Church

1. true
2. false

Top 5: What is wrong with the Catholic Church

Bible

• The Bible was written in Latin -> common people couldn't understand it. 

Saints

• People were worshipping images of saints
• Wasn't allowed according to the Bible

Relics

• People were worshipping relics; remains of saints

Indulgences

• The selling of indulgences: written documents stating that the owner's sins are forgiven

Riches

• The church was very rich whilst a lot of people were poor
• Put a lot of money in beautiful churches and art, not in helping people

According to you: which one is the worst?
Write down an argument on why you think so

Worshipping relics

Bible is in Latin

Church is too rich

Worshipping saints

Selling of indulgences

7a. Which excess of the Catholic Church can be seen in the picture?

1. Jobs in the Catholic Church were for sale
2. Relics were displayed
3. Indulgences were sold
4. people were declared to be saints

7b. Which of the following best describes the word "indulgence"

1. letters that tell you about the authenticity of a relic shown in a church
2. relics that are displayed in a church at which you can pray for less time in purgatory
3. free tickets to purgatory
4. letters signed by the pope or a bishop in which all your sins were forgiven

Thomas More

• Lived: 1478 - 1535 
• Lawyer, catholic, writer of Utopia (the perfect society)
• > God gave human talents and they had to use these for god. 

1504: member of Parliament

1521: knighted and named under-treasurer.

1529: Lord Chancellor

The lord chancellor is a member of the Cabinet and is, by law, responsible for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts.

1532: resigning as Chancellor because king Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife and marry Anne Boleyn. 

1534: Henry founds the Anglican Church with the Act of Supremacy.

1535: More is excuted by beheading.

Erasmus

• Lived: 1466 - 1536
• Catholic priest 
• Translated the new testament from Greek to Latin
• > Criticism on certain practises in the church

Goed bevriend met Thomas More. Woonde o.a. in Rotterdam

Bible is in Latin

People worship saints

People worship relics

The church is too rich

The selling of indul-gences

Martin Luther

• German monk.
• Disappointed with the pope and the Catholic church.
• People should focus on the Bible.
• Publishes the 95 statements against the church.

8. Why did Luther nail his 95 theses on the
church door, you think?

Most Europeans were members of the Catholic church around 1000 AD.

1. True
2. False

Charles V

• Emperor Holy Roman Empire
• Strict Catholic 
• Tries to stop the reformation

Charles V

• Emperor Holy Roman Empire
• Strict Catholic 
• Tries to stop the reformation

Everything ruled by Charles V

Tetzel

• Best seller of indulgences.
• ''As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul into heaven springs.''

Indulgence hamster weeks! 

Two for the price of one!

Pope Leo X

• Wants to build St. Peters Church in Rome.
• Raises money by selling indulgences. 

Frederick the Wise

Ruler of Saxony

Vassal of Charles V

Reformation in The Netherlands

• John Calvin (Swiss) had similar ideas as Luther. 

• His ideas about sobriety and modesty were very appealing to many people.

• Said you could stand up to your leaders.

Who is this?

This is Johannes Calvin. He was a reformer from France/Switzerland. He also promotes a new reformed Christian belief called Calvinism. 

bescheidenheid

nuchterheid 

Inquisition

• Organisation that executed thousands of protestants for their belief.
• Was called 'Bloedraad' by many people. 

The Netherlands was mostly...

1. Catholic
2. Anglican
3. Lutheran
4. Calvinist

France was mostly...

1. Catholic
2. Anglican
3. Lutheran
4. Calvinist