FILM 2

• Culturele en kunstzinnige vorming
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Film

Cinematografie

Opening scenes

Christopher Nolan - The Dark Knight 2008

Pixar - Up 2009

Wes Craven - Scream 1996

Walt Disney - The Lion King 1994

Why do we watch movies?

Empathize with the protagonist

We will watch an excerpt from Skyfall

Viewing question: how do you as a spectator empathize with

the hero/protagonist?

Cinematography

Film art; the art and technology involved in filmmaking

Kuleshov-effect

(Kuleshov was a Russian filmmaker who first experimented with montage as an art form-1918)

The Kuleshov effect assumes that you as a viewer draw your own conclusion from the images you see.

Alfred Hitchcock made good use of the Kuleshov effect. So he calls it

'Pure Editing' 

Transitions (cuts)

cross fade/ cut in motion / hard cut/ ....

Meaning of film: Transparency

Normally a film is transparent.

You forget it's a movie

(edit).

Important for that:

'Invisible' mounting: 180º axis

Editing

Editing = arranging recorded image and sound.

Invisible editing = unnoticeable cut.

Make the editor's work invisible.

Shots should flow together naturally.

Discontinuity editing

Any editing system that violates one or more of the continuity mounting rules.

This leads to sudden and abrupt transitions from image to image.

The emphasis is on evoking metaphorical meanings or intense emotions in the viewer.

Viewing question: See if you can spot the discontinuity in the next scene.

Een metafoor (uit Grieks metaphora: overdracht, namelijk van betekenis) is een vorm van beeldspraak, waarbij er sprake is van een impliciete (onuitgesproken) vergelijking. Het afgeleide bijvoeglijk naamwoord is overdrachtelijk, met als synoniem figuurlijk; het bijvoeglijk antoniem is letterlijk.

*Extra: Sergio Eisensteins editing principes

Metric editing

Rythimic montage

Tonal montage

Overtonal montage

Intellectuel montage

Special Effects & Sound design

In the past, the special effects were added immediately.

Think of fake snow or fake fire.

Nowadays there are computer techniques that are added during assembly.

Think of a green screen

Making sound as realistic as possible and imitating sound for film is called sound design or sound design.

Sound designers record sound separately. Edited sound clips are called Foley sound. Recording natural sound is phonograph.

Answer the following questions:

Which genre is this? How can you tell? 

Which special effects have been used and which techniques ?

The Matrix - The Lobby Scene

van idee tot verhaal

Short assignment

Viewing question: How is EMOTION emphasised in this film?

Give at least 3 examples.