4H recap grammar mission 15+21

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

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Recap grammar mission 15+16

1. Past Continuous

2. Plurals

3. Imperatives

4. short answers

what do you remember about the past continuous?

Past Continuous

Form: was/were + hele ww + ing

Function:  Wordt gebruikt voor acties die aan de gang waren in het verleden, vaak in combinatie met de past simple om aan te geven dat iets aan de gang was toen er iets anders gebeurde. 

Past Continuous

Examples: 

I was walking the dog while Matt was making dinner. 

I was doing the dishes when the doorbell rang. 

They were texting when  they heard the news. 

Was I walking the dog? 
I wasn't walking the dog.

Hints: when/while

Fill in the correct tense:
Susie ... (watch) a movie when she (hear) a noise.

Yesterday at 7pm, we (listen) to the radio.

I (fall) while I (go) up the stairs.

I (not answer) your call because I (work)

PLURALS

Explanation of regular plural nouns:

Regular nouns: (-s)

* To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.

Examples:

cat – cats

dog - dogs

house – houses 

Regular nouns: (-es) "hissing sound"

* If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural.

Examples:

bus – buses

marsh – marshes

lunch – lunches

tax – taxes

blitz – blitzes

Letter -y:

* If a singular noun ends in ‑y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the ending to ‑ies to make the noun plural.

Examples:

baby babies

city – cities

puppy – puppies

puppy's - Is singular in English! 

Example: A puppy's life (Is ONE puppy!)

Spelling (-y)

If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.

Examples:

ray – rays

play - plays

boy – boys

toy - toys

Letter -o:

If the singular noun ends in ‑o, preceded by a consonant, add ‑es to make it plural.

Examples:

hero - heroes

potato – potatoes

tomato – tomatoes

Exceptions:

photo – photos

piano – pianos

halo – halos

Spelling change: (-f /-fe)

* If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the -f is often changed to ‑ve before adding the -s to form the plural version.

Examples:

life - lives 

wife - wives

wolf - wolves

But:

roof – roofs

belief – beliefs

chef – chefs

chief – chiefs

Irregular plurals 

child – children

goose – geese

man – men

woman – women

tooth – teeth

foot – feet

mouse – mice

person – people

ox - oxen

policeman - policemen

fish - fish 

spacecraft - spacecraft

louse – lice

What is the plural of...
a deer

hero

inch

berry

shelf

When do you use imperatives?

Imperatives: vorm

Stand up. 

Eat your dinner. 

Whisk for two minutes.

Regel: 'imperatives' beginnen met het hele werkwoord van de handeling die jij of iemand anders moet doen. 

Imperatives:
Zeg dat iemand huiswerk moet maken.

Rewrite the sentences by making imperatives.
You should take off your coat.

Short Answers

short answer

short answer

short answer

short answer

                  Short answers

Why use short answers?

YES and NO are often too short and can be RUDE

How to use short answers.

Antwoord met yes of no en gebruik het eerste hoofdwerkwoord (of een vorm van to be)  + het onderwerp.

Do you know him? Yes, I do.

Have they read the book? No,  they haven't.

If you is the subject, then you answer with I or we.

Do you know him?

Yes I do.   | Yes, we do.

Short answer, please:
Can I help you?

1. No, you won't.
2. Yes, you will.
3. No, you can't.
4. Yes, you do.

Short answer, please:
Were they at home?

1. No, they wasn't.
2. No, they won't.
3. No, they will not.
4. No, they weren't.

Short answer, please:
Is your mum all right?

1. No, she is.
2. No, she isn't.
3. No, she is not.
4. No, she wasn't.

Short answers:
Was he a teacher?

1. No, he isn't
2. No, he wasn't
3. No, he can't
4. No, it wasn't

Short answer, please:
Is he going to school?

1. Yes, he is.
2. Yes, he can.
3. Yes, he could.
4. Yes, he was.

Lets practice

That's all for today!

see you on Wednesday!

Past Continuous B)

1. was sunbathing - took - had to 
2. was opening/opened- heard  - turned - hid 
3. did you buy 
4. was learning 
5. jumped - stole - were eating 
6. was playing - went 
7. were you doing
8. burnt- was cooking
9. saw - was sleeping 
10. were you driving - happened

Plurals A)

1. gifts 
2. children
3. charities
4. services
5. businesses 

Plurals B)

1. people
2. women
3. children
4. feet
5. teeth
6. students
7. fish
8. men  
9. housewives
10. knives shelves
11. geese 
12. pianos
13. policemen 
14. luggage

Compound adjectives A)

1. well-mannered
2. brand-new
3. deeply rooted
4. short-sighted
5. old-fashioned 

Compound adjectives B)

1. brand-new

2. old-fashioned

3. short-sighted

4.  deeply rooted 

5. well-mannered

Compound adjectives C)

Conjunctions A)

1. I like sugar in my tea, but I don't like milk in it.

2. Listen to the story and answer the questions in complete sentences.

3. Is it Thursday or Friday today?

4. He was late because the bus didn't come.

5. We were very tired but happy after our flight to Sydney.

6. They climbed the mountain although it was very windy.

7. While Lenny was watching the planes his wife was reading in the car.

8. I'll text you after I have arrived in Toronto.

9. Neither my brother nor my sister own a car.

10. The sun was warm, yet the wind was a bit too cool.

Conjunctions B)

1.  and

2. still 

3. hence

4. while

5. after

Conjunctions C)

At the moment a few forests in Spain are protected but more could be done. I believe that it is important that we protect the remaining forests for the following reasons.

Extensive deforestation has destroyed a number of habitats. Due to this, many species of animal that live in these forests are in danger of extinction. It would be sad to see these animals disappear completely. What’s more, each animal has an important role to play in the ecosystem. For example, foxes keep rabbit populations in check.

Moreover, through photosynthesis trees provide us with oxygen and help to filter gases like carbon dioxide which are harmful to humans. Consequently, they help us to reduce pollution and combat global warming.

In addition to this, deforestation destroys the natural beauty of area. Plus it may cause landslides.

In conclusion , I think that there should be more protected forests in Spain. Furthermore, we should educate our children about the importance of conservation. As a result, future generations might be able to enjoy the same biodiversity that exists today.

Please finish:

Self-test mission 15+21

Magister --> Bronnen --> Leermiddelen --> Engels --> New Interface eDition --> mission 15 --> Self test

Plural Rules - Irregular Nouns

* Spelling changes

* No specific rules

* Memorize often!

* Use a dictionary if necessary

That's all folks!

Hebben jullie nog vragen?

Goodafternoon