3V Indirect speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Indirect / reported speech

Direct and indirect speech

Direct speech:
De letterlijke woorden die iemand heeft gezegd. 

Indirect speech:
 Je (her)vertelt wat iemand heeft gezegd. Omdat wat iemand heeft gezegd, al is gezegd, wordt de indirect speech ook verleden tijd. 

Indirect speech

Als je van direct naar indirect speech gaat, verandert de tijd naar de verleden tijd. Je zet een stapje terug in de verleden tijd:

Present simple --> past simple

Present continuous --> past continuous

Past simple --> past perfect

Present simple --> past simple

Present simple:       Past simple:
I use                              I used
He says                       He said
We do                           We did
They are                      They were
We have                      We had

Present simple --> past simple

''I love my new phone,'' she said. (present simple)
↓
She said that she loved her new phone. (past simple)

''I walk to school every Wednesday, he said.'' (present simple)
↓
He said that he walked to school every Wednesday.(past simple)

Present cont. --> past cont.

Present continuous:               past continuous:

I am doing                                    I was doing

She is saying                              She was saying

They are trying                          They were trying

We are helping                          We were helping

He is working                             He was working

Present cont. --> past cont.

''I am typing an email,'' he said. (present cont.)

↓

He said that he was typing an email. (past cont.)

''We are doing our homework,'' they said. (present cont.)
↓
They said that they were doing their homework. (past cont.)

Past simple --> past perfect

Past simple:            Past perfect:

I had                            I had had

She bought             She had bought
They worked           They had worked

We tried                     We had tried

You saw                      You had seen

Past simple --> past perfect

''We bought a new couch,'' they said. (past simple)

↓

They said that they had bought a new couch. (past perfect)

''I did my English homework last night,'' she said.
↓

She said that she had done her English homework last night. 

Teacher: ''I am grading the papers.''
The teacher said that she ______ the papers.

1. graded
2. was grading
3. has graded
4. had graded

''I tried helping the fallen bird.''
She said that she ________ helping the fallen bird.

1. has tried
2. had tried
3. tried
4. was trying

Mom: ''I am cooking dinner.''
Mom said that she ________ dinner.

1. had cooked
2. cooked
3. has cooked
4. was cooking

''I had a good night's sleep,'' he said.
He said that he _______ a good night's sleep.

1. has had
2. had had
3. had
4. has

''I called my brother a lot,'' she said.
She said that she _________ her brother a lot.

1. had called
2. has called
3. called
4. was calling

Indirect speech

Als je van direct naar indirect speech gaat, verandert de tijd naar de verleden tijd. Je zet een stapje terug in de verleden tijd:

Present perfect --> past perfect

will --> would

am/are/is going to --> was/were going to

Past perfect --> past perfect

present perfect --> past perfect

Present perfect:            past perfect:

They have seen              They had seen
He has done                    He had done
I have gone                      I had gone
We have been                 We had been
She has travelled          She had travelled

present perfect --> past perfect

''I have already seen the infamous documentary,'' he said.

↓

He said that he had already seen the infamous documentary.

''We have travelled all over the world,'' they said.
↓
They said that they had travelled all over the world.

Will --> would

Will:                               would:
You will have             You would have
She will do                 She would do
They will go               They would go
We will be                   We would be
I will try                        I would try
He will make              He would make

Will --> would

''You will get your new computers,'' the teacher said.

↓

The teacher said that we would get our new computers.

''I will bake a cake for the party,'' she said.

↓

She said that she would bake a cake for the party.

am/are/is  --> was/were going to

Am/are/is going to:               was/were going to:

I am going to try                      I was going to try
He is going to use                  He was going to use
We are going to do                We were going to do
You are going to say             You were going to say
They are going to have        They were going to have

am/are/is --> was/were going to

''I am going to use a 3D printer for my project,'' he said.
↓
He said that he was going to use a 3D printer for his project.

''We are going to use our boat as collateral,'' they said.
↓
They said that they were going to use their boat as collateral.

Past perfect --> past perfect

Past perfect is al de laatste stap die je kan nemen in de verleden tijd. Als iemand in direct speech al de past perfect gebruikt, blijft dit dus de past perfect met indirect speech.

''I had lived there for twenty years,'' he said. (past perfect)

↓
He said that he had lived there for twenty years. (past perfect)

''I will lend you the money.''
He told me ________ .

''We are writing a report.''
They said that ________ .

''Can you see me?"
She asked if ________ .

''I will have to borrow your pencil.''
He told me that ________ .

''Can we use your camera?''
They asked me if _________ .

Practice!

Do exercises 50, 51, 52 (and 53)

:)