grammar

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 1-4

W e l c o m e

All the tenses 

Break

Conditionals

Exceptions

Adverbs and adjectives

Relative pronouns 

The gerund

Our agenda 

What are tenses?

past 

present

future 

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

what do they look like

ed / stem (+s) 

ing 

have (has) / had

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

Examples

he walks to the park every Sunday.

He's making his homework right now.

I've just sent the email!

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

odd ones but not rare

     past           perfect           continuous

  present       perfect          continuous

future          perfect          continous 

 

my dad is working right now

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

I am a musician.

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

((I cannot feel my arm,))
I might have broken it.

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

I had written 5 pages,
((then my pen broke))

1. past continuous
2. past perfect
3. past simple

present / past / future simple

present	past	future
regular facts , habits, routine.	clear indication of time in the past. fact	things that haven't happened yet. fact
Tjerk is the vice-president. Meija always bakes on Sundays	Bram made me some of his famous rice yesterday.	Sanne will make it work next time!

present / past / future continuous

present	past	future
somehting is happening right now. activity	je/iets was iets "aan het doen" background infromation. activity 2 things in the past.	something happening at a specific time in future "aan het doen" activity
Baruch is playing baskeball right now.	Jorgos was cycling across France around this time last year.	Menth will be singing us a song tomorrow morning.

present / past / future perfect

present	past	future
recent past that has noticeable effect on the present. unfinished time.	sequence of events, first that happened is past perfect.	actions with a deadline in the future.
Ruben's tactics have had a notable effect on the baseball club.	Anika had learnt English at Secodnary school before she started this minor.	Thijs will have handed in his Portfolio by next week.
FYNE YAS For, Yet, Never, Ever, Just, Already, Since	second action is always past simple.

perfect continuous

present	past	future
staretd in past and is still going on.	activity started in the past and ended in the past or it is story-telling	actions with a deadline in the future.
Lisa has been wait ing in queue for ten minutes.	Ruud had been drink ing a lot during the opening of the festival.	Gabriel will have been gam ing for 8 hours by the time we arrive tomorrow.
FYNE YAS For, Yet, Never, Ever, Just, Already, Since

Small break :)

At this time yesterday she ( to work) overtime.

Look Nienke (to dye) her hair!

last night my neighbours (to complain) about the loud noise.

I (to make) sure that you (receive) the warrant asap.

My little brother (to play) in the rain since noon, he's an absolute plonker.

they (to scout) for a new home for at least a year before they (to divorce)

By the end of tomorrow's eon cycle I ( to be) a king for 3 months.

While Jullia's friend (to cut) the lawn, news of the terrible tragedy (to reach) him

conditionals

0) absolute facts

1) "facts" / probable 

2) improbable 

3) impossible (past)

examples

0	1	2	3
pres simple + simple	pres simple + will infinitive	past simple + would infinitive	past perfect + would have past participle
if you heat ice, it melts.	If you work hard, you' ll make a lot of money.	If you studied more, you would get higher grades.	If you had listened to me, you would have known that you're a clown.

If you (to try) harder you (to have) multiple girlfriends.

If you (to accept) Bram's offer you (to be) rich.

If you (to charge) your phone every night the battery (deteriorate)

I (to be) a professional chessboxer, if I (to train) more.

Small break :)

exceptions 

timetables 

The train leaves at 4 pm. / Class starts at 09:00.

always present simple.

irritation

She's always whining about her hair.

always continuous 

plan / arranged activity / intention

I'm going to buy a car tomorrow (intention) 

Bol.com is opening a facility in Venlo next year (plan)
We are going to the Zoo in July when corona ends. (arranged activity) 

prediction

I think it is going to rain in a few minutes, look a the clouds!

adverb or adjective 

adjective ---> noun  

adverb ---> everyhting else (adjectives, verbs, the way something is done, other adverbs)

adjectives

Lloyd ......
Lloyd walks really fast

relative pronouns

who --> people 

whose --> possesive 

which --> objects / animals 

that --> important clauses, replacable with which 

whom  --> who after voorzetsel 

Gerund 

words that are followed by ING 

the gerund looks like a verb but actually is a direct object or the subject.

I love walking ---> direct object

walking is not a verb here. :)

 

Questions?