ELT - Lesson 1 Input Hypothesis

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Input hypothesis

ELT - Lesson one

Expert group Annemiek, Marije, Martine & Roelina

Who

Stephen Krashen (born 1941) is professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, who moved from the linguistics department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994. He is a linguist, educational researcher, and political activist.

Affective filter 

Emotional variables have an effect on the failure of success in acquiring a second language. The filter can either help students to acquire a language, but it can also hinder students to acquire a language. For example when students feel stressed or self-conscious about speaking a language, then they are often scared to make mistakes and don’t use the language as much and the filter will hinder them using and acquiring the language. But when students feel confident and aren’t scared to make mistakes, the students will use the language more and will interact more with other students. In this case, the filter helps the students in acquiring the language. 

What can you do as a teacher to help the affective filter?

What can you do as a teacher to help the affective filter? 

Don’t put too much emphasis on over correcting mistakes

Create a safe learning environment in which students don’t make fun of each other when they make mistakes.

Use learning strategies to help the students 

Beginning level & Intermediate level

Beginning level

Class time is filled with comprehensible oral input

Teachers must adjust their speech so that it is understandable

Demands for speaking (output) are low; students are not forced to speak until ready

 

Intermediate level

Teaching uses comprehensible input drawn from academic texts but modified so that subject-matter is sheltered, or limited. (Note that sheltered subject-matter teaching is not for beginners or native speakers of the target language.)

In sheltered instruction classes, the focus is on meaning, not form.

True or False:
The Input Hypothesis is related to language learning.

1. True
2. False

Explanation

False; The most important is that students get a lot of input on a level that they understand. To do this, they don’t need to have knowledge of the grammatical structures. 

The theory says that students should understand the input they are receiving, but just above their own level. How do we call this in didactic terms?

1. Comprehensive level + 1
2. Interlanguage + 1
3. Acquisition-Learning + 1
4. Affective +1

True or False
As a teacher, you should encourage students to speak the learning language. Making mistakes is a part of learning a language. The student is talking confident in the English language but makes a few grammatical mistakes → a teacher you should respond to student’s errors by correctly rephrasing what they have said rather than by explicitly pointing out the error.

1. True
2. False

Explanation 

False; When students feel confident and aren’t scared to make mistakes, the students will use the language more and will interact more with other students. In this case, the filter helps the students in acquiring the language.