Grammar TH

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

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Grammar TH

Unit 6 

1. passive
2. if-sentences
3. adverbs + adjectives
4. werkwoordstijden

1. Passive

BASISREGEL passive = vorm 'to be' + vtdw 

Per tijd:

1) present simple (tt)      am/are/is   + vtdw

2) past simple (vt)           was/were    + vtdw 

3) present perfect          have/has  +  been  + vtdw

4) past perfect                 had   +   been  + vtdw

5) future                             will   +   be   + vtdw

Passive - 1/2 (uitgebreid)

ACTIVE (A) + PASSIVE (P)                 basisregel passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.

(A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

Present simple 1/5

(A) I do my homework. / (P) My homework is done (by me).  do = tt > tt van to be = am/are/is + vtdw van do = done

Past simple 2/5

A) The spider built the web. / (P) The web was built (by the spider). built = vt > vt van to be = was/were + vtdw van built = built

Present perfect 3/5

(A) We have done the dishes. / (P) The dishes have been done (by us).  have done = pr. perf. > pr. perf. van to be = have/has been + vtdw van done = done

Passive - 2/2 (uitgebreid)

ACTIVE (A) + PASSIVE (P)                         basisregel passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.

(A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

Past perfect 4/5

(A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned

Future 5/5

A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

Passive 

(A) active vs. (P) passive                 passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.

(A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

Past perfect 4/5

(A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned

Future 5/5

A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

Passive - samengevat

- Present simple 1/5

(A) I do my homework. / (P) My homework is done (by me). do = tt > tt van to be = am/are/is + vtdw van do = done

- Past simple 2/5

A) The spider built the web. / (P) The web was built (by the spider). built = vt > vt van to be = was/were + vtdw van built = built

- Present perfect 3/5

(A) We have done the dishes. / (P) The dishes have been done (by us). have done = pr. perf. > pr. perf. van to be = have/has been + vtdw van done = done

- Past perfect 4/5

(A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me). had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned

- Future 5/5

A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

extra ex. 1 - passive

1. Many tickets ... (to sell) last week.
2. He told me yesterday the door ..... ( to paint) two weeks ago.
3. Every year holidays .... (to book).
4. Careful, the door ... (to paint)!
5. Next year that house ... (to buy) by us.
6. The Beatles ... (to think) to be the best band in history.
7. It .... (to do) before we expected it.
8. Don't worry, the dishes ... (to do - already).
9. The homework ... (to make) tonight.
10. It .. (to expect) of him last year.

extra ex. 1 - passive

1. Many tickets ... (to sell) last week. were sold
2. He told me yesterday the door ..... ( to paint) two weeks ago. had been painted
3. Every year holidays .... (to book). are booked
4. Careful, the door ... (to paint)! has been painted
5. Next year that house ... (to buy) by us. will be bought
6. The Beatles ... (to think) to be the best band in history. are thought
7. It .... (to do) before we expected it. had been done
8. Don't worry, the dishes ... (to do - already). have already been done
9. The homework ... (to make) tonight. will be made
10. It .. (to expect) of him last year. was expected

extra ex. 2 - passive

A - active to passive

1. The students study for all the subjects.
2. We had eaten plenty of food.
3. She told him a lie.
4. Finally, I have finished my homework.

B - fill in: passive

1. Yesterday, all the food ... (eten).
2. Until now, nothing ... (doen).
3. No medications ... (voorschrijven) by the doctor tomorrow.
4. Before we met, that movie ... (zien) by her.

extra ex. 2 - passive

A - active to passive

1. The students study for all the subjects.  All the subjects are studied for.
2. We had eaten plenty of food.                        Plenty of food had been eaten.
3. She told him a lie.                                              A lie was told.
4. Finally, I have finished my homework.      My homework has been finished.

B - fill in: passive

1. Yesterday, all the food ... (eten).                                                              was eaten
2. Until now, nothing ... (doen).                                                                     has been done
3. No medications ... (voorschrijven) by the doctor tomorrow.     will be prescribed
4. Before we met, that movie ... (zien) by her.                                        had been seen

2. if-sentences

1) if + present simple / will + hele ww    =  het is mogelijk

If I win this race tonight, I will get a prize.          OF       I will get a prize, if I win this race.

VB toets:           I ....... (to let) you go out, if you follow the rules.

2) if + past simple / would + hele ww    = het is niet waarschijnlijk

If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.        OF  andersom

VB toets:         If she ....... (to have) enough time, she would go to the gym.

3) if + past perfect / would have + vtdw  = het is onmogelijk > praat achteraf

If I had won the race, I would have been happy.       OF andersom

VB toets:         If I ....... (to meet) her before, I wouldn't have introduced myself.

3. adverbs + adjectives

- adjectives (bijvoeglijk naamwoord): zegt iets over het zelfstandig naamwoord

het aardige meisje (the nice girl) - de populaire zanger (the popular singer)

--> getal > streepje: the 8-year-old boy

- adverbs (bijwoord): zegt iets over: 1) bijv.nw. 2) hele zin 3) ander bijwoord 4) werkwoord

regelmatig tennissen (play tennis regularly) - deur voorzichtig openen (open the door carefully) 

> HOE iets gebeurt

> meestal +LY: regular > regularly / careful > carefully / happy > happily

> uitzonderingen: good > well / hard > hard / fast > fast

4. Werkwoordstijden

present simple   -  feiten, regelmatig - stam (+s)    -    I often watch TV.

present cont.    -   nu bezig   -  am/are/is + ing    - I am talking right now.

past simple       -  verleden (afgerond)   - ed/irr.   -   We walked there/saw him  yesterday.

past cont.       -   verleden (aan de gang)  -  was/were + ing  -   We were talking on the phone yesterday evening.

pres. perf.           -  verleden begonnen, nog bezig OF invloed op heden - have/has + vtdw  -  I've worked there for 2 years. (nog steeds dus) for/since

pres. perf. cont. - present perfect + nadruk tijdsduur -  have/has + been + ing - I've been waiting for one hour.

past perfect  -   handeling vóór andere handeling in verleden -  had + vtdw -  He had already seen (1e) me when I waved (2e) at him.

Passive 

(A) active vs. (P) passive                 passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.

(A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

Past perfect 4/5

(A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned

Future 5/5

A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

WILL - choice or decision made at the time of speaking / promise / prediction - I will stay home tonight

GOING TO - something you’ve decided to do / people’s intentions (plans can be general) / prediction based on evidence - It is going to rain.

PRES. CONT. - arrangements / people’s programmes - I am watching that film tonight.

PRES. SIM. - fixed schedule / time table - The train leaves at 8pm.

extra ex. 3 - mixed tenses

1. Yesterday he ... (eten) all the food.
2. .. you ... (denken) that he is nice?
3. Before we .. (ontmoeten), she ... (zien) me once.
4. I .. (uitlaten) the dog, when suddenly a tree .. (vallen) due to the storm.
5. I hope you .. (helpen) me with my homework.
6. She .. (breken) her arm, now she can't .. (doen) much.
7. They .. (wachten) for you for hours!

extra ex. 3 - mixed tenses

1. Yesterday he ... (eten) all the food. ate
2. .. you ... (denken) that he is nice? do.. think
3. Before we .. (ontmoeten), she ... (zien) me once. met - had seen
4. I .. (uitlaten) the dog, when suddenly a tree .. (vallen) due to the storm. was walking - fell
5. I hope you .. (helpen) me with my homework. will help/can help
6. She .. (breken) her arm, now she can't .. (doen) much. has broken - do
7. They .. (wachten) for you for hours! have been waiting