Chapter 1.4: subsaharan africa

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

1.4 Sub-Saharan Africa

What are we doing today

Check the test (shortly)

Start paragraph 1.4

Work on your own
To do: paragraph 4 exercises 1 to 5

At the end of this paragraph:

You will be able to:

• Describe the most important cultural elements of Sub-Saharan Africa
  
  
  
• Explain how Sub-Saharan African cultures have been influenced by colonial history

Sub-Saharan Africa

• The term refers to all areas in the African continent south of the Sahara Desert. 
• Culturally, the African countries north of the Sahara are more related to the Islamic world than to the cultures that are described in this section.

Traditional religions

A traditional religion refers to an indigenous (inheems) religion. 

• These were already practised before any of the major religions like Islam or Christianity arrived in Africa.

Cultural elements of Sub-Saharan Africa

Living community = A social group consisting of numerous families with a common culture.

Traditional dance in Angola

Modern dance in Cameroon

Nomad = Someone who doesn’t have a permanent home and moves from place to place.

A short colonial history of Africa

Scramble for Africa = Period between 1880 and 1914, in which European powers rapidly colonised the African continent.

During colonial times, the Christian religion was spread across Africa. Nowadays, most Sub- Saharan African countries still have a mainly Christian population.

Berlin conference/Congo conferentie

Organized by Otto von Bismarck.

WIKIPEDIA:

The General Act fixed the following points:

Partly to gain public acceptance,[18][6] the conference resolved to end slavery by African and Islamic powers. Thus, an international prohibition of the slave trade throughout their respected spheres was signed by the European members. In his novella Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sarcastically referred to one of the participants at the conference, the International Association of the Congo (also called "International Congo Society"), as "the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs".[19][20] The first name of this Society had been the "International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Central Africa".

The properties occupied by Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society, the name used in the General Act, were confirmed as the Society's. On 1 August 1885, a few months after the closure of the Berlin Conference, Leopold's Vice-Administrator General in the Congo, Francis de Winton, announced that the territory was henceforth called "the Congo Free State", a name that in fact was not in use at the time of the conference and does not appear in the General Act.[10][5][7] The Belgian official Law Gazette later stated that from that same 1 August 1885 onwards, Leopold II was to be considered Sovereign of the new state, again an issue never discussed, let alone decided, at the Berlin Conference.[21][22]

The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° N.

The Niger and Congo rivers were made free for ship traffic.

The Principle of Effective Occupation (based on effective occupation, see below) was introduced to prevent powers from setting up colonies in name only.

Any fresh act of taking possession of any portion of the African coast would have to be notified by the power taking possession, or assuming a protectorate, to the other signatory powers.

Definition of regions in which each European power had an exclusive right to pursue the legal ownership of land

The first reference in an international act to the obligations attaching to spheres of influence is contained in the Berlin Act.

Borders in Africa

Natural border = A boundary between two or more countries, formed by a natural feature like an ocean, river or mountain range.

Artificial border = A boundary between two or more countries, formed without taking natural and cultural features into account.

African culture outside of Africa

• African culture can also be found outside of Africa. This is especially a result of the African diaspora. 
• A diaspora is a group of people who are scattered, away from their ancestral homeland.
• Western and African culture merged into a new Afro-Atlantic culture.

Rituals

West meets West Africa

Islamic world and West Africa

To do: 

Exercises 1 to 6

Done? Can you find traces of colonial history nowadays? Write them down!

What are we doing today?

1. Film (10min)

2.Speaking skills

3. Find traces of colonial history nowadays!!! Go online to find them. Write them down.

4.Finish paragraph 1.4 and check the answers.

5. Time left? Have your interview questions on paper and able to show me.

Show of your speaking skills.

Read 'talking point' (in blue, left margin of page 20)
Discuss this statement:

 'western tourists get the opportunity of a lifetime and the Maasai greatly benefits from tourism'

Use the sentence starters on page 223!

Go online and find traces of colonial history, search for a picture.

1. Write down what object you found.

2. Write down in which country you can find it.

3.Write down what colonial past you can find

Traces of colonial history

Báhn

 Mi

India

Brazil

Namibië

Interview (page 33)

-Interview must be at least fifteen minutes. Make sure you have enough questions to do this.

-Make sure your interview notes itself are available when the teacher asks for it. And take at least one picture!

-Create at least a paper. If you want you can also do a video, poster or powerpoint. Make sure a 

How will you get a grade?

-Make sure the paper is not a sheet full of questions and answers.

-Do you portray the person's culture with the information you have learned?
-Are you trying 

Points are being deducted when: 

         -No evidence. (a lot of points)

         -Not in time

What are we doing today?

1. Speaking skills

2. Find traces of colonial history nowadays!!! Go online to find them. Write them down.

3.Finish paragraph 1.4 and check the answers.

4. Have your interview questions on paper and able to show me.

To do 31th of october

Paragraph 4 finished
Paragraph 5 finished. Exercise 1 to 11

Final test: 10th of november
Hand in assignment: 10th of november