H4 ent Unit 2 lesson 4_used to and review grammar adjectives adverbs and comparisons

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's objectives

• HW review: vocabulary exercises 8 & 9, Used to/didn't use to exercises 10 & 11

• Read your novel / come up with a topic for your presentation, starting after the Christmas break

Used to / didn't use to

To talk about habits in the past

e.g. 

I used to sleep over at my grandparents' when I was young.

Adjectives vs Adverbs - SB p. 65-66

• The red car.

• The completely red car

• Fortunately, she drives the completely red car really well.

Adjectives (bijvoegelijke naamwoorden) stand before a ......

Adverbs (bijwoorden) are use to modify: 1)............ 2)...............3)................4)..................

ADVERBS

Adverbs:

Says something about the entire sentence

Says something about a verb (how)

Says something about an adjective 

Says something about another adverb

ADVERB = ADJECTIVE + LY (badly, mistakenly, fortunately, slowly, quickly etc.)

Comparisons with adverbs:

More/most slowly/quickly/beautifully etc.

Comparisons - SB p. 65-69

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (study SB p. 68)

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) - more/most (She danced more beautifully than he did.)

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least etc.) -> study your SB

NOTE: spelling changes of adjectives in comparisons + in adverbs:

-Y -> ier/iest or ily (happier, happiest, easier, easiest, more easily)

-ful -> fully (careful, carefully)

-ic -> ically (dramatically)

Comparisons

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (SB p. 68)

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) - more/most (She danced more beautifully than he did.)

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least etc.)

Comparisons

• He is taller THAN she is. (.....DAN....)
• He is AS tall AS she is. (EVEN ... ALS)
• He is NOT AS tall AS she is.; He is NOT SO tall AS she is. (NIET ZO ...ALS)

• THE sooner THE better;  THE faster they run, THE sooner .... (hoe eerder, hoe beter etc. -> HOE....HOE)

• It was getting MORE AND MORE complicated (Het werd STEEDS gecompliceerder)

NOTE: THAN = VERGELIJKINGEN 

NOTE: THEN = TOEN, VERVOLGENS

Irregular Comparisons

• good - better - best
• bad - worse - worst
• much (time) - more - most (niet-telbare woorden, kun je niet in het meervoud zetten)
• many (chairs) - more - most (telbare woorden, kun je in het meervoud zetten en een telwoord ervoor zetten)
• little (time) - less - least (niet-telbare woorden)
• few (chairs) - fewer - fewest (telbare woorden)
• little (small) - smaller - smallest (klein -> baby)

Let op:

Late - later - last -> de laatste (absoluut gezien - de laatste die binnenkomt bv.)

Late - later - latest -> de meest laatste/meeste recente, bv. the latest I-phone

Old - older - oldest

Old - elder - eldes -> bij familierelaties, bv. my elder sister

NOTE

little/less/least (non-countable - milk/gold/love/hate - material/abstract)

few/fewer/fewest (countable - chair/spoon/people - plurals)

much/more/most (non-countable)

many/more/most (countable)

late/later/last (de laatste qua binnenkomst)

late/later/latest (de nieuwste)

the late Mr. Steve Jobs = wijlen

old/older/oldest

old/elder/eldest (familierelaties)

far/farther-further/farthest-furthest (afstand)

far/further -> aanvullende (further details; further inquiry)

Adjectives with number

• The fifty-pound note
• I have a note of fifty pounds.

• The 80-year-old grandmother.
• The grandmother who is 80 years old

• The 13-year-old girl
• The girl who is thirteen years old