Gerunds

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Gerunds - goals

• Recap on what a gerund is
• where gerunds can be found in a sentence
• which verbs/ expressions are followed by gerunds  

Swimming is a great sport to keep fit.
Which word do you think is the gerund in the setence above?

How do you think a gerund formed?

Gerund

A gerund is a verb that has had + ing added

to swim (verb) >>>>  swimming (gerund)

This means that is not a verb anymore, but functions as a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord) in the sentence.

Let op! Dit heeft niks te maken met "continuous tenses"

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' als een zelfstandig naamwoord:

 1. Als het onderwerp van de zin.

Example: Cycling inside the school is forbidden. 

2. Na voorzetsels. 
Example: She is fond of cycling.

3. Na werkwoorden die zeggen hoe je iets vindt. (like, prefer, hate, enjoy, etc.)

Example: I like cycling on warm sunny days. 

Na bepaalde voorzetsels

about, without, to , from, for, on, of

I get such a buzz from cycling. I can't go a day without cycling. 

I always look forward to talking to you.

Na bepaalde werkwoorden

To hate, to like, to stop, to prefer, to enjoy, to avoid, to remember, to refuse, to mind, to keep, to spend

I like spending money on my hobbies.

Na enkele woorden en uitdrukken gebruikt je een gerund

Feel like..

It's no use...

It's worth...

There's no...

Be busy...

Can't help....

Look at the following sentences and decide which situation applies to why a gerund is used

Thanks for inviting me to the party!

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Na voorzetsel

Smoking is forbidden in this school.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Na voorzetsel

I enjoy spending time with you.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

It's worth trying to sell it.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

Fill in the answers (think about spelling rules)

1. I enjoy _________ (read) books in my free time.

2. She is good at _________ (cook) Italian food.

3. They practiced _________ (speak) English before the exam.

4. _________ (swim) in the ocean is my favorite summer activity.

5. He kept _________ (ask) questions during the lesson.

6. We’re thinking about _________ (go) to the park this afternoon.

7. She finished _________ (paint) the picture an hour ago.

8. _________ (ride) a bike is a fun way to stay healthy.

9. I don’t mind _________ (help) you with your homework.

10. He avoided _________ (talk) about his mistake.

In which sentences is the gerund the subject, comes after a preposotion or is coming after a saying/ expression or verb

Continue with...

Gerund exercises: U3: L1 Ex. 10

U3: L2 Ex. 12

Continue with U3:L1 Ex. 1 -7, 9 

Uitzondering

Na oa onderstaande werkwoorden kan je ook het hele werkwoord met 'to' gebruiken.

1. Start
   
2. Begin
3. Continue 
4. Like
5. Love
6. Hate
7. Prefer
8. Stop 

Bijvoorbeeld: I hate getting up early / I hate to get up early. (de betekenis is hetzelfde)