Literature introduction V4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4,5

Literature

1. Entertain. Literature is something to be enjoyed, so approach it with an open mind!

2. Educate. We learn about historical periods, looking through the eyes of the people who actually experienced that part of history rather than through the eyes of scholars writing about that same part of history a couple of centuries later.

Anglo-Saxon Britain

- Different small kingdoms

- Wars between the kingdoms 

- Viking invasions and Danelaw

- development of Old English also known as Anglo-Saxon English

What modern language is closest to Old English (450-1066 CE)

1. Modern English
2. Danish
3. Frisian
4. Dutch

Frisian is one of Europe’s least changed languages. English is one of Europe’s most changed languages. 

  

 Hoi, Aelfred is myn namme. Myn marse is fol fan Eels, buten Langh festjen is nin brae sperjen.

   Hwaet! Aelfred is min nama. Min bearwe is æla ful, ac an longe fæsten biergeþ nan hlaf.

   Hello, Alfred is my name. My basket is full of eels, but a long fast saves no bread.

Beowulf

- Written around 850 CE

- Original in Old English

- First piece of literature (that we know of) written in Great Britain

Why can't we call Beowulf the first English text ever written?

Beowulf

- first 'English' piece of literature

- Epic hero story

- Over a thousands years old but still relevant today

Epic poem

- Viking influences  because story takes place in Sweden

- Epic hero, great heroism and bravery

- The setting of the poem is vast and could include land, seas, oceans, the world, or even the whole universe.

- Supernatural or other worldly forces or beings such as Gods, angels, or demons

- written in a formal manner and they often use exaggeration.

7 characteristics of an epic hero

- Noble birth

-  Super human capabilities

- Vast traveler

- Unmatched warrior

- Cultural legend

- Humility

- Battles superhuman foes

Epic Hero

Why is Beowulf an example of a classic epic poem?

Read the following passages carefully. Explain in your own words what the piece of text is about.

Thro’ wan night striding,

came the walker-in-shadow. Warriors slept

whose hest was to guard the gabled hall, —

all save one. ‘Twas widely known

that against God’s will the ghostly ravager

him could not hurl to haunts of darkness;

wakeful, ready, with warrior’s wrath,

bold he bided the battle’s issue.

Thro’ wan night striding,

came the walker-in-shadow. Warriors slept

whose hest was to guard the gabled hall, —

all save one. ‘Twas widely known

that against God’s will the ghostly ravager

him could not hurl to haunts of darkness;

wakeful, ready, with warrior’s wrath,

bold he bided the battle’s issue.

THEN from the moorland, by misty crags,

with God’s wrath laden, Grendel came.

The monster was minded of mankind now

sundry to seize in the stately house.

Under welkin he walked, till the wine-palace there,

gold-hall of men, he gladly discerned,

flashing with fretwork. Not first time, this,

that he the home of Hrothgar sought, —

yet ne’er in his life-day, late or early,

such hardy heroes, such hall-thanes, found!

What happened in the passage?

Grendel

The end

Pre- historic Briatin

ALBION (ANCIENT GREEK: ἈΛΒΙΏΝ, ALBUS= WHITE IN LATIN) IS THE OLDEST KNOWN NAME OF THE ISLAND OF GREAT BRITAIN.

  

Pre-Historic Britain 

DRUIDS​

EQUALITY BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN​

STONEHENGE (3000-2000 BC), ​

INFLUENCES IN NAMES: THAMES, LONDON, AVON, LEEDS, SEVERN, MERSEY​

LANGUAGE IN WALES AND IRELAND

ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLES​

871 AD THE BATTLE OF ASHDOWN –– ALFRED DEFEATS THE DANES​

The Middle English Period: 1066-1500

Middle Ages

The Middle English Period

• 1066-1485: (later) Medieval England
• The Norman Conquest
• Social change: the feudal system
• A long war in France: the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
• A bloody war at home: the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
• 1485: beginning of the Tudor Period
• Linguistic change: a new language

Norman Conquest

Middle English (1) - History

• 1066 - c. 1300: two languages side by side
• Norman French: language of court, government, the law and trade
• Old English: language of the common people (peasants, townspeople)
• the two slowly merge into one language
• c. 1300: Middle English
• c. 1480: towards (Early) Modern English
• 
  
• Started with the battle of Hastings

feudal system

divine right

What is the time span of the Middle English period?

1. 1066 - 1340
2. 1066 - 1485
3. 800 - 1066
4. 1340 - 1400

Which language was spoken at court?

1. French
2. English
3. Latin