Conditionals

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Week 13 

Reading test 

result & conditional clauses

1.  a main/result clause—which expresses the result of the condition
2. a conditional/if clause is a type of adverbial clause that states a hypothesis or condition, real (factual) or imagined (counterfactual).

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

1. result clause
2. condition clause

Right 

Wrong

first conditional 

 We use the first conditional to talk about possible actions/situations in the future, and their (possible) results.

We often make conditional sentences by using if + present simple in the if-clause, and will/won’t / might/might not in the main clause.

If I have time this afternoon, I’ll go for a walk.

We might go out tonight if there’s nothing good on TV

second conditional 

 We use the second conditional to talk about unreal or imagined situations in the present or future.

If I was good at tennis, I would play for the school team. (= I am not good at tennis, and don’t play for the school team.)

She wouldn’t be in the photography class if she wasn’t interested in it. (= She is here because she is interested in it.)

second conditional 

The second conditional has two parts (or clauses). We usually make the second

conditional like this:

If clause =  if + past simple + comma 

Main clause = would/wouldn’t + main verb

If I lived in town, I’d go to the cinema more often.

If he was nicer, more people would talk to him.

 

We can change the order of the two clauses if we want to. When we put the if clause first, we write a comma (,) after it. If we put the main clause first, there is no comma.

I would go to the cinema more often if I lived in town.

If he ................... (be) younger, he ................
(travel) more.

He .............. (have) more money if he ................. (spend + not) it all.

If I ............... (win) the lottery, I .................... (buy) a beautiful mansion for my parents.

Karin .................. (learn) Spanish if she ............
(have) the time for it.

Wish vs Hope

When we want to talk about how we would like something in the present to be different, we can use I wish + past tense (simple or continuous)

I wish you were here. (= You are not here and I am not happy about it.)

I wish we could go out tonight. (= We can not go out tonight and I am not happy about it.)

I wish it wasn’t raining today (= It is raining today and I am not happy about it)

Third Conditional 

We use the third conditional to talk about unreal, imaginary situations in the past and their imagined results.

If you had practised, you wouldn’t have lost.

(= You didn’t practise, and you lost.)

Third Conditional 

If my sister had asked me,            I’d have told her

If I’d heard the alarm clock,          I wouldn’t have been late.

If clause	Main clause
If + past perfect	would + have + past participle

He ........ (see) the movie if he .........
(know) who directed it.

If he ......... (be + not) late, he .......... (lose + not) his job.

If Mary .... (win) the lottery, she ..... (buy) a boat.

..........(come - you) if you........ (be +not) invited?

If the weather .......... (be) better we
......... (swim) in the sea.