3.8 Vertebrates

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

How do we call animals without an endo- or exoskeleton?

How do we call animals with an exoskeleton?

How do we call animals with an endoskeleton?

INVERTEBRATES

ARTHROPODS

VERTEBRATES

Sponges

Molluscs

Worms

Reptiles

Mammals

Cnidarians

Crustaceans

Arachnids

Insects

Myriapods

Echinoderms

Fish

Birds

Amphibians

WORMS

CNIDARIANS

SPONGES

MOLLUSCS

ECHINODERMS

Spiky skin

Can be parasites

Octopus

Sea star

Mussel

Can catch prey with stinging tentacles

Have a shell & mantle 

Body is made up of 5 identical parts

Can live in soil

Anemone

Jellyfish

Adults are attached to rock

INSECTS

CRUSTACEANS

ARACHNIDS

MYRIAPODS

THIS CHARACTERISTIC IS FOUND IN ALL ARTHROPODS

6 legs

Segmented body

Only type  without antennae

Scorpion

Lobster

20 legs or more

Exoskeleton

between 8 and 40 legs 

Millipedes

Have wings

Spider

8 legs

Shrimp

Butterfly

Centipedes

Bees

VERTEBRATES

ALL HAVE: 

• Endoskeleton (& a backbone, made of vertebra)
• Muscles

5 CLASSES. Differences are based on ...

• Where do they live? Land, air, water, both? 
• How do they reproduce? Eggs (inside or outside of their bodies)? Are they livebearers?
• Cold-blooded or warm-blooded? 
• How do they breathe? Through gills, their skin or lungs?

SOMETIMES IT IS NOT SUPER CLEAR

Fish

-Live in water

-Have scales(schubben) covered in mucous(slijm). 

-Use gills(kieuwen) to breathe.

-Are cold-blooded.

-Lay eggs without a shell.

Amphibians

-Live in water and land.

-Have skin covered in mucous. 

-Use gills and skin to breathe when young. Lungs and skin when mature(volwassen).

-Are cold-blooded.

-Lay eggs without a shell.

Reptiles

-Live (mostly) on land.

-Have dry scales as skin. 

-Use lungs to breathe.

-Are cold-blooded.

-Lay eggs with a leathery shell.

Birds

-Live (mostly) on land and sky.

-Have feathers(veren). 

-Use lungs with air-sacs to breathe.

-Are warm-blooded.

-Lay eggs with a chalky(kalkachtig) shell.

Mammals

-Live (mostly) on land.

-Have fur (vacht). 

-Use lungs to breathe.

-Are warm-blooded.

-Give birth to live young.

-Feed young with milk.

How do you recognise vertebrates?

1. They have 4 legs.
2. They have scaley skin.
3. They have a backbone.
4. They live on land.

How are mammals different from other vertebrates?

1. No mucous on their skin.
2. They feed their young with milk.
3. They are warm-blooded.
4. They use lungs to breathe.

Name two features only a reptile has.

How are birds different form other vertebrates?